Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

MicroRNAs01:22

MicroRNAs

2.9K
MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns (non-coding regions of a gene) or intergenic regions (stretches of DNA present between genes). Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself, forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA...
2.9K
RNA Interference01:23

RNA Interference

25.8K
RNA interference (RNAi) is a process in which a small non-coding RNA molecule blocks the post-transcriptional expression of a gene by binding to its messenger RNA (mRNA) and preventing the protein from being translated.
This process occurs naturally in cells, often through the activity of genomically-encoded microRNAs. Researchers can take advantage of this mechanism by introducing synthetic RNAs to deactivate specific genes for research or therapeutic purposes. For example, RNAi could be used...
25.8K
Experimental RNAi02:15

Experimental RNAi

6.0K
RNA interference (RNAi) is a cellular mechanism that inhibits gene expression by suppressing its transcription or activating the RNA degradation process. The mechanism was discovered by Andrew Fire and Craig Mello in 1998 in plants. Today, it is observed in almost all eukaryotes, including protozoa, flies, nematodes, insects, parasites, and mammals. This precise cellular mechanism of gene silencing has been developed into a technique that provides an efficient way to identify and determine the...
6.0K
Riboswitches01:56

Riboswitches

8.0K
Riboswitches are non-coding mRNA domains that regulate the transcription and translation of downstream genes without the help of proteins. Riboswitches bind directly to a metabolite and can form unique stem-loop or hairpin structures in response to the amount of the metabolite present. They have two distinct regions – a metabolite-binding aptamer and an expression platform.
The aptamer has high specificity for a particular metabolite which allows riboswitches to specifically regulate...
8.0K
Regulation of Expression Occurs at Multiple Steps02:24

Regulation of Expression Occurs at Multiple Steps

21.9K
Gene expression can be regulated at almost every step from gene to protein. Transcription is the step that is most commonly regulated. This involves the binding of proteins to short regulatory sequences on the DNA. This association can either promote or inhibit the transcription of a gene associated with the respective sequence.
Transcription results in the generation of precursor (pre-mRNA) that consists of both exons and introns, which needs further processing before being translated to a...
21.9K
Nucleic Acid Structure01:25

Nucleic Acid Structure

5.8K
The pentose sugar in DNA is deoxyribose, while in RNA the pentose sugar is ribose. The difference between the sugars is the presence of the hydroxyl group on the ribose's second carbon and a hydrogen on the deoxyribose's second carbon. The phosphate residue attaches to the hydroxyl group of the 5′ carbon of one sugar and the hydroxyl group of the 3′ carbon of the sugar of the next nucleotide, which forms  a 5′ to 3′ phosphodiester linkage.
DNA Structure
DNA...
5.8K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Development of single-chain C1q affinity chromatography-mass spectrometry for the glycoform-resolved characterization of low-affinity immunoglobulin G interactions.

mAbs·2026
Same author

Customizing the structure of minimal TIM barrels to craft efficient de novo enzymes.

Nature chemical biology·2026
Same author

Analytical Assessment of sgRNA Impurities and Their Impact on Functional Performance.

Analytical chemistry·2026
Same author

Assessing mRNA and sgRNA Quality for Cell and Gene Therapy Applications Using Nanopore Direct RNA Sequencing.

Analytical chemistry·2026
Same author

bFGF Oligomeric Stability Drives Functional Performance in Human Pluripotent Stem Cells.

International journal of molecular sciences·2026
Same author

Charge Detection Mass Spectrometry and a Glu-C/Lys-C Digestion-Based Data-Dependent Approach Suggest Mono-PEGylation of a Heterogenous Therapeutic Protein.

Journal of proteome research·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 10, 2025

Optimization of In vitro Transcription Reaction for mRNA Production Using Chromatographic At-Line Monitoring
07:00

Optimization of In vitro Transcription Reaction for mRNA Production Using Chromatographic At-Line Monitoring

Published on: April 4, 2025

148

Current Analytical Strategies for mRNA-Based Therapeutics.

Julien Camperi1, Kamalakar Chatla1, Emily Freund2

  • 1Cell Therapy Engineering and Development, Genentech, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA.

Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)
|April 26, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Messenger RNA (mRNA) therapeutics offer potent treatments for various diseases. Advanced analytical techniques are crucial for ensuring the quality and effective clinical use of these mRNA-based therapies.

Keywords:
chromatographyelectrophoresisfunctionalitymass spectrometrymessenger RNAquality attributessequencing

More Related Videos

Efficient Transfection of In vitro Transcribed mRNA in Cultured Cells Using Peptide-Poloxamine Nanoparticles
10:16

Efficient Transfection of In vitro Transcribed mRNA in Cultured Cells Using Peptide-Poloxamine Nanoparticles

Published on: August 17, 2022

3.1K
Using Lipid Nanoparticles for the Delivery of Chemically Modified mRNA into Mammalian Cells
10:02

Using Lipid Nanoparticles for the Delivery of Chemically Modified mRNA into Mammalian Cells

Published on: June 10, 2022

2.1K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 10, 2025

Optimization of In vitro Transcription Reaction for mRNA Production Using Chromatographic At-Line Monitoring
07:00

Optimization of In vitro Transcription Reaction for mRNA Production Using Chromatographic At-Line Monitoring

Published on: April 4, 2025

148
Efficient Transfection of In vitro Transcribed mRNA in Cultured Cells Using Peptide-Poloxamine Nanoparticles
10:16

Efficient Transfection of In vitro Transcribed mRNA in Cultured Cells Using Peptide-Poloxamine Nanoparticles

Published on: August 17, 2022

3.1K
Using Lipid Nanoparticles for the Delivery of Chemically Modified mRNA into Mammalian Cells
10:02

Using Lipid Nanoparticles for the Delivery of Chemically Modified mRNA into Mammalian Cells

Published on: June 10, 2022

2.1K

Area of Science:

  • Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Sciences
  • Molecular Biology and Genetics

Background:

  • Messenger RNA (mRNA) technology has rapidly advanced, finding applications in vaccines, immunotherapies, protein replacement, and genome editing.
  • The unique properties of mRNA-encoded proteins enable effective treatments for infectious diseases, cancer, and genetic disorders.
  • The COVID-19 pandemic highlighted the critical role of rapid, large-scale mRNA therapeutic production.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advancements in analytical techniques for characterizing mRNA-based therapeutics.
  • To emphasize the importance of controlling mRNA attributes like purity, integrity, structure, and functionality for clinical application.
  • To discuss techniques used in the biopharmaceutical industry for quality control and market release of mRNA products.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current analytical methodologies for mRNA characterization.
  • Focus on techniques including electrophoresis, chromatography, mass spectrometry, sequencing, and functional assays.
  • Discussion of how these methods support product and process characterization, stability, and release testing.

Main Results:

  • Significant improvements in analytical techniques enhance the quality and detail of information for mRNA product characterization.
  • Advanced methods provide deeper insights into critical quality attributes of mRNA therapeutics.
  • These techniques are essential for ensuring the safety and efficacy of mRNA-based treatments.

Conclusions:

  • Robust analytical characterization is indispensable for the successful clinical implementation of mRNA therapeutics.
  • Continued advancements in analytical technologies are vital for the biopharmaceutical industry's quality control and release of mRNA products.
  • These techniques facilitate the development and reliable deployment of novel mRNA-based medicines.