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Updated: Jul 14, 2026

Two-photon Imaging of Intracellular Ca2+ Handling and Nitric Oxide Production in Endothelial and Smooth Muscle Cells of an Isolated Rat Aorta
Published on: June 10, 2015
Protocol to study juxtacrine signaling in human vascular cells using a fluorescence labeling co-culture approach
Jose L Herrera1, Masanobu Komatsu1
1Cancer and Blood Disorders Institute, Institute for Fundamental Biomedical Research, and Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins All Children's Hospital, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, St. Petersburg, FL 33701, USA.
Abstract:
Endothelial cells interact closely with adjacent endothelial cells and pericytes. The intercellular crosstalk between these cells is essential for angiogenesis, maturation, and vascular homeostasis. This protocol outlines a method to study these interactions using a co-culture system. We describe steps for transducing/transfecting, labeling, and co-culturing human vascular endothelial cells and pericytes. We then detail procedures for immunofluorescence staining and microscopy imaging. This protocol enables molecular in vitro investigations of juxtacrine signaling pathways and gene expression. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Herrera et al.1.

