Innovative electrochemical biosensors for tuberculosis detection

Tuberculosis (TB) continues to pose a significant global health threat, highlighting the urgent need for the development of rapid, precise, and accessible diagnostic tools to effectively manage its transmission. Conventional diagnostic techniques, such as sputum microscopy and culture-based assays, face several drawbacks, including lengthy processing times, limited sensitivity, and the requirement for specialized laboratory facilities. In this landscape, electrochemical biosensors have emerged as promising alternatives, offering improved sensitivity, specificity, and rapid detection capabilities. This review presents a thorough overview of recent advancements in the development and application of innovative electrochemical biosensors for TB detection. It explores the integration of nanomaterials such as graphene, gold nanoparticles, and carbon nanotubes, focusing on their contributions to enhanced sensor performance in terms of signal amplification and biorecognition efficacy. By synthesizing current research and technological developments, this review emphasizes the considerable potential of electrochemical biosensors to transform TB diagnostics, ultimately assisting in better disease management and control strategies worldwide.