Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Toxic Reactions: Overview01:26

Toxic Reactions: Overview

917
When toxic substances penetrate the human body, they disseminate to various tissues, undergoing metabolic changes. This process yields reactive metabolites that may covalently bind with specific target molecules, resulting in toxicity.
Toxicity falls into two primary categories: local and systemic.
Local toxicity appears at the exposure site, such as protein denaturation caused by caustic substances.
In contrast, systemic toxicity requires the toxic agent's absorption and distribution,...
917
Types of Toxins01:36

Types of Toxins

1.6K
Humans continually engage with an environment rich in potentially harmful chemicals. These are introduced to our bodies through inhalation, ingestion, or skin contact. These chemicals exist in various forms, such as air and environmental pollutants, agricultural chemicals, organic solvents, and heavy metals.
Air pollutants, primarily gases, pose significant threats to respiratory health, leading to conditions like hypoxia, lung cancer, and in extreme cases, death.
Environmental pollutants like...
1.6K
The Periodic Table and Organismal Elements00:57

The Periodic Table and Organismal Elements

173.2K
Overview
173.2K
Drug Distribution: Tissue Binding01:21

Drug Distribution: Tissue Binding

2.4K
Upon entering the systemic circulation, drugs can distribute into the interstitial and intracellular fluid of various tissue cells. This distribution is facilitated by the binding of drugs to different cellular components within tissues, which may lead to drug accumulation in specific areas. Drugs bound to tissue components serve as reservoirs that release free drugs back into the system, prolonging the drug's overall action. However, this accumulation can also result in local toxicity.
For...
2.4K
Pulmonary Tuberculosis II01:28

Pulmonary Tuberculosis II

202
Tuberculosis, or TB, is a bacterial infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. While its primary impact is on the lungs, leading to pulmonary tuberculosis, it can also affect various other organs, a condition referred to as extrapulmonary tuberculosis.
Here is a detailed explanation of its pathophysiology:
Transmission: The process begins when a person inhales droplet nuclei containing M. tuberculosis. These are typically released into the air when an individual with pulmonary or...
202
Teratogenicity01:07

Teratogenicity

2.3K
The ability of a drug to produce structural deformations and functional abnormalities in the developing embryo or the fetus is called teratogenicity, and the drug producing this effect is known as a teratogen. Teratogenic effects include stillbirth, miscarriage, intrauterine growth restriction, and neurocognitive delay. A teratogen may affect the embryo at different stages of development, which is important in determining the type and extent of the damage. During blastocyst formation, the early...
2.3K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

The Dual Nature of Metals: Essential Nutrients and Environmental Contaminants.

International journal of molecular sciences·2026
Same author

Metal Pollution in the Air and Its Effects on Vulnerable Populations: A Narrative Review.

International journal of molecular sciences·2026
Same author

Genotoxic and cytotoxic effect of vanadium inhalation and oral administration of Hintonia latiflora methanolic extract in mice.

Journal of trace elements in medicine and biology : organ of the Society for Minerals and Trace Elements (GMS)·2025
Same author

Evaluation of genotoxic damage, production reactive oxygen and nitrogen species in Plasmodium yoelii yoelii exposed to sodium metavanadate.

Environmental toxicology and pharmacology·2024
Same author

The multiple facets of the club cell in the pulmonary epithelium.

Histology and histopathology·2024
Same author

Ultrastructural alterations due to sodium metavanadate treatment in the blood stages of Plasmodium yoelii yoelii.

Journal of trace elements in medicine and biology : organ of the Society for Minerals and Trace Elements (GMS)·2023
Same journal

Retraction notice to "Involvement of both intrinsic and extrinsic pathways in hepatoprotection of arjunolic acid against cadmium induced acute damage in vitro" [Toxicology 283 (2011) 129-139].

Toxicology·2026
Same journal

Crystalline silica particles exposure modulated miRNA expression profiles in human macrophage-like THP-1 cells.

Toxicology·2026
Same journal

Sex-specific cellular and molecular mechanisms of PFAS-induced reproductive toxicity.

Toxicology·2026
Same journal

Neurotoxicity and Mechanisms of Deltamethrin and Its Metabolite 3-PBA in HT22 Cells.

Toxicology·2026
Same journal

Polystyrene nanoplastics impair epithelial barrier establishment and modulate extracellular vesicle release in human bronchial cells cultured at the air-liquid interface.

Toxicology·2026
Same journal

Effects of HFPO-DA (GenX) exposure on placental glycolysis and metabolic microenvironment in pregnant rats.

Toxicology·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 17, 2025

Long-term Behavioral and Reproductive Consequences of Embryonic Exposure to Low-dose Toxicants
07:08

Long-term Behavioral and Reproductive Consequences of Embryonic Exposure to Low-dose Toxicants

Published on: March 6, 2018

6.0K

Lead systemic toxicity: A persistent problem for health.

Adriana Gonzalez-Villalva1, Rojas-Lemus Marcela1, López-Valdez Nelly1

  • 1Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico (UNAM). Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Biología Celular y Tisular, Mexico.

Toxicology
|April 26, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Lead (Pb) is a persistent environmental toxin with no safe exposure level, posing risks to children and workers. Understanding its systemic toxicity and mechanisms is crucial for prevention and treatment.

Keywords:
BLLLead (Pb)calcium analoglead poisoningoxidative stresssystemic toxicity

More Related Videos

Shotgun Lipidomics of Rodent Tissues
11:46

Shotgun Lipidomics of Rodent Tissues

Published on: November 18, 2022

1.9K
The Lambda Select cII Mutation Detection System
07:08

The Lambda Select cII Mutation Detection System

Published on: April 26, 2018

7.8K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 17, 2025

Long-term Behavioral and Reproductive Consequences of Embryonic Exposure to Low-dose Toxicants
07:08

Long-term Behavioral and Reproductive Consequences of Embryonic Exposure to Low-dose Toxicants

Published on: March 6, 2018

6.0K
Shotgun Lipidomics of Rodent Tissues
11:46

Shotgun Lipidomics of Rodent Tissues

Published on: November 18, 2022

1.9K
The Lambda Select cII Mutation Detection System
07:08

The Lambda Select cII Mutation Detection System

Published on: April 26, 2018

7.8K

Area of Science:

  • Environmental Science
  • Toxicology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Lead (Pb) has a long history of human use, leading to widespread environmental contamination from industrial and anthropogenic sources.
  • Despite its removal from gasoline, lead persists as a significant environmental concern due to ongoing emissions and the absence of a safe human exposure threshold.
  • Children and workers are particularly vulnerable to lead poisoning through inhalation and ingestion, with bioaccumulation posing further risks.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive overview of lead's systemic toxicity across various organ systems.
  • To examine lead's genotoxicity, carcinogenic potential, and established toxicity mechanisms like calcium mimicry, oxidative stress, and inflammation.
  • To highlight the need for further research into less-studied mechanisms and cellular targets for chronic low-level lead exposure.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of lead's historical use, environmental impact, and toxicological effects.
  • Analysis of established and emerging mechanisms of lead toxicity.
  • Synthesis of information on lead's impact on human health, including specific organ systems and cancer risk.

Main Results:

  • Lead exposure affects multiple organ systems, including the lungs, blood, liver, kidneys, nervous, cardiovascular, and reproductive systems.
  • Lead is a probable human carcinogen, with genotoxicity and various toxicity mechanisms contributing to its harmful effects.
  • Current understanding of lead toxicity mechanisms is incomplete, especially concerning chronic low-level exposure.

Conclusions:

  • Lead remains a critical public health and environmental issue requiring ongoing monitoring and risk management.
  • Further research into the nuanced mechanisms of lead toxicity is essential for developing effective prevention and treatment strategies.
  • Addressing lead exposure, particularly in vulnerable populations and through chronic low-level exposure, is vital for public health protection.