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Related Concept Videos

Hormonal Control of the Ovarian Cycle01:30

Hormonal Control of the Ovarian Cycle

344
The ovarian cycle is meticulously regulated by the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis. This cycle orchestrates the release of a mature oocyte, essential for reproduction.
Before puberty, the hypothalamus releases GnRH in a low frequency, low amplitude pulsatile manner. This along with the immature hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis activity, results in low estrogen levels and the absence of a fully functional ovarian cycle.  At puberty, GnRH secretion increases in both frequency and...
344
Ovarian Cycle01:27

Ovarian Cycle

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The menstrual cycle includes a critical component known as the ovarian cycle, which undergoes two main phases each month—the follicular phase and the luteal phase. The follicular phase is variable and averaging around 14 days. Ovulation, triggered by a surge in luteinizing hormone (LH), marks the transition between the two phases. The second phase, the luteal phase, is relatively consistent, lasting approximately 14 days, and is marked by the activity of the corpus luteum. While a cycle...
793
Oogenesis02:07

Oogenesis

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In human women, oogenesis produces one mature egg cell or ovum for every precursor cell that enters meiosis. This process differs in two unique ways from the equivalent procedure of spermatogenesis in males. First, meiotic divisions during oogenesis are asymmetric, meaning that a large oocyte (containing most of the cytoplasm) and minor polar body are produced as a result of meiosis I, and again following meiosis II. Since only oocytes will go on to form embryos if fertilized, this unequal...
63.2K
Hormonal Regulation of the Menstrual Cycle01:22

Hormonal Regulation of the Menstrual Cycle

213
The ovarian cycle regulates endometrial changes throughout a single menstrual cycle via the coordinated action of gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) and gonadotrophins.
At puberty, GnRH begins a pulsatile release pattern, which triggers the anterior pituitary gland to secrete follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH). The frequency and amplitude of GnRH pulses vary across the menstrual cycle, with faster pulses favoring LH release and slower pulses favoring FSH...
213
Proliferative Phase01:20

Proliferative Phase

269
The proliferative phase typically occurs after menstruation and lasts between 6 to 13 days in a standard 28-day cycle. This phase involves the reconstruction of the endometrium, guided by estrogen produced by the developing ovarian follicle.
Notably, the stratum basale, the basal layer of the endometrium, including the basal parts of the uterine glands, remains unaffected by menstruation. Stem cells in this layer undergo mitosis, regenerating the stratum functionalis and thickening the...
269
Folliculogenesis01:20

Folliculogenesis

432
Folliculogenesis is the development of ovarian follicles, the specialized structures within the ovarian cortex where oogenesis, or egg development, occurs. This process is essential for female reproductive health and begins during fetal development when primordial follicles are formed. Each primordial follicle comprises a primary oocyte in the center, surrounded by a single layer of squamous pre-granulosa cells. These follicles remain dormant in late prophase I of meiosis until triggered by...
432

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 16, 2025

Fertility Preservation Through Oocyte Vitrification: Clinical and Laboratory Perspectives
08:46

Fertility Preservation Through Oocyte Vitrification: Clinical and Laboratory Perspectives

Published on: September 16, 2021

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Renewing ovarian stimulation.

Baris Ata1

  • 1Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Koç University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey.; ART Fertility Clinics, Dubai, United Arab Emirates..

Reproductive Biomedicine Online
|April 26, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Freeze-all cycles revolutionize ovarian stimulation, offering flexible protocols independent of traditional day 2-3 starts. This approach enhances patient care and maximizes oocyte yield for fertility treatments.

Keywords:
Agonist triggerIVFOocyteOvarian stimulationProgestinRandom start

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Area of Science:

  • Reproductive Endocrinology
  • Assisted Reproductive Technology

Background:

  • Conventional ovarian stimulation protocols were optimized for fresh embryo transfer, often starting on day 2-3 of the menstrual cycle.
  • These protocols utilized gonadotrophin-releasing hormone analogues to prevent premature ovulation, driven by concerns about ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome and reduced live birth rates with fresh transfers.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore and redefine ovarian stimulation protocols in the era of vitrification, specifically for freeze-all cycles.
  • To assess the impact of modified stimulation strategies on oocyte yield and quality, independent of fresh transfer considerations.

Main Methods:

  • Investigated flexible ovarian stimulation start times, including early/late follicular or luteal phases.
  • Evaluated various pituitary suppression methods, such as oral progestins or no exogenous suppression.
  • Assessed the safety and efficacy of agonist trigger use without immediate fresh transfer to mitigate ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome risks.

Main Results:

  • Oocyte quantity and quality appear independent of the traditional day 2-3 start, with potential advantages in other follicular or luteal phases.
  • Flexible pituitary suppression protocols do not compromise oocyte yield or quality.
  • Agonist trigger use in freeze-all cycles effectively curbs ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome risk, allowing for maximized stimulation.

Conclusions:

  • Vitrification technology enables optimized ovarian stimulation protocols for freeze-all cycles, diverging significantly from conventional methods.
  • Stimulation can be tailored to individual patient needs and physician preference, with potential for multiple stimulations within a cycle.
  • Modern ovarian stimulation is more adaptable, patient-centric, and physician-friendly, improving the overall fertility treatment experience.