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Mantle flows driving tectonic escape around eastern Himalaya syntaxis
Rui Qu1,2, Ye Zhu1,2, Yingfeng Ji3,4
1State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Earth System, Environment and Resources (TPESER), Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
Scientific Reports
|April 26, 2025
Summary
The India plate
Area of Science:
- Tectonics
- Geophysics
- Geodynamics
Background:
- Plate subduction significantly influences the eastern Himalayan syntaxis (EHS) tectonic evolution.
- Heterogeneity in plate contacts over space and time complicates understanding tectonic escape drivers around the EHS.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the tectonic evolution of the eastern Himalayan syntaxis.
- To analyze the drivers of tectonic escape using 3D models of India's subduction.
Main Methods:
- Utilized 3D numerical models to simulate the subduction of the India plate for over 40 million years.
- Analyzed viscous flows at various depths in eastern Tibet based on different plate leading edges.
Main Results:
- Continuous northeastward indentation of the India plate promotes clockwise rotation.
- Differential subduction angles (shallow north, steep south) in the EHS are crucial for tectonic extrusion.
- A bottom-up dynamic mechanism generates substantial lateral mantle flow.
Conclusions:
- The study reveals a bottom-up dynamic mechanism driving significant lateral mantle flow and southward material escape (>1000 km).
- The interplay of India's indentation and variable subduction geometry dictates tectonic escape patterns in the EHS.
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