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The Intrinsic Apoptotic Pathway

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Protective Role of Protocatechuic Acid in Glioma: Modulation of Cell Growth, Migration, and Pyroptosis via

Wen Zhang¹, Yeyan Cai¹, Haijun Zheng¹

¹Department of Neurosurgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, 325200 Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.

Discovery Medicine

|April 27, 2025

Summary

Protocatechuic acid (PCA) triggers pyroptosis in glioma cells, inhibiting their growth and spread. This natural compound activates the NLRP3/caspase-1/GSDMD pathway, offering a potential new avenue for glioblastoma treatment.

Keywords:

NLRP3/caspase-1/GSDMD pathway U251 U87 glioma cells protocatechuic acid pyroptosis

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Isolation and Flow Cytometric Analysis of Glioma-infiltrating Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells

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Published on: November 28, 2015

Area of Science:

Oncology
Molecular Biology
Natural Products Chemistry

Background:

Glioblastoma is a deadly brain tumor with limited treatment options.
Protocatechuic acid (PCA), a natural phenolic compound, exhibits promising anti-tumor properties.
Understanding PCA's mechanism in glioma is crucial for developing new therapies.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate if PCA can induce pyroptosis in glioma cells.
To elucidate the specific molecular pathways involved in PCA's anti-glioma effects.
To assess PCA's impact on glioma cell viability, invasion, and migration.

Main Methods:

Glioma cells (U87, U251) were treated with varying PCA concentrations.
Cell proliferation, invasion, and migration were assessed using CCK-8, Transwell, and scratch assays.
Pyroptosis, NLRP3, caspase-1, and GSDMD expression were analyzed via immunofluorescence, Western blotting, and qRT-PCR.

Main Results:

PCA significantly reduced glioma cell viability, invasion, and migration in a dose-dependent manner.
PCA treatment increased pyroptosis markers and the expression of NLRP3, caspase-1, and GSDMD.
Inhibition of NLRP3 by MCC950 reversed PCA's effects, confirming pathway involvement.

Conclusions:

PCA effectively induces pyroptosis in glioma cells.
The NLRP3/caspase-1/GSDMD signaling pathway is critical for PCA's anti-glioma activity.
PCA represents a potential therapeutic agent for glioblastoma.