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Diving injuries to the inner ear.

J C Farmer

    The Annals of Otology, Rhinology & Laryngology. Supplement
    |January 1, 1977
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Inner ear problems in divers are increasingly recognized. Causes and treatments vary by diving phase, with some injuries requiring surgical intervention, while others necessitate rest and avoiding pressure changes.

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    Area of Science:

    • Otolaryngology
    • Diving Medicine
    • Neuroscience

    Background:

    • Previous research on diving-related ear issues focused on middle ear barotrauma.
    • Increased diving depths reveal more frequent inner ear disturbances.
    • Understanding inner ear physiology and pathology is crucial for diver safety.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To differentiate causes and treatments of inner ear disturbances across various diving phases.
    • To analyze the effects of different gas mixtures and pressures on the inner ear.
    • To provide guidance on managing persistent inner ear injuries in divers.

    Main Methods:

    • Review of literature on otologic problems in compressed gas environments.
    • Analysis of human responses to simulated diving depths (up to 305m) and helium-oxygen environments (>152.4m).

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  • Examination of physiological and audiometric data from divers experiencing symptoms.

    • Main Results:

    • Transient conductive hearing loss occurs without cochlear dysfunction at simulated depths up to 305m.
    • Vertigo and nystagmus can result from caloric stimulation or pressure imbalances (alternobaric vertigo).
    • High pressure nervous syndrome (HPNS) at depths >152.4m causes central nervous system effects, not vestibular end-organ dysfunction.
    • Inner ear barotrauma, potentially from round window rupture, can occur during compression.
    • Recompression therapy is contraindicated for certain inner ear injuries.

    Conclusions:

    • Inner ear disturbances in diving are complex and depend on diving type and phase.
    • Management strategies must be tailored, including rest and avoiding pressure changes for specific injuries.
    • Surgical intervention may be necessary for persistent inner ear injuries like labyrinthine window fistulas.