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Sheep Models in Translational Surgery.

Bertrand Lussier1,2,3,4, Luc Behr5, Nicolas Borenstein5

  • 1Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Montreal, Saint-Hyacinthe, Québec, Canada.

European Surgical Research. Europaische Chirurgische Forschung. Recherches Chirurgicales Europeennes
|April 27, 2025
PubMed
Summary

The sheep is a versatile animal model for preclinical research due to its physiological similarities to humans, making it ideal for cardiovascular, neonatal, orthopedic, and spinal studies. Careful anesthesia and analgesia protocols are crucial for ethical and effective use.

Keywords:
AnaesthesiaCardiothoracic surgeryNeonatal surgeryOrthopaedic surgeryOsteoarthritisSheep modelSpinal surgerySurgical research

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Area of Science:

  • Comparative physiology
  • Preclinical research models
  • Translational medicine

Background:

  • Selecting appropriate animal models is critical for research success.
  • The translational value of an animal model, its applicability to human conditions, is paramount.
  • Sheep offer numerous advantages as translational surgical models across various research domains.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the advantages of using sheep as a translational animal model.
  • To discuss the application of ovine models in cardiovascular, neonatal, orthopedic, and spinal research.
  • To address specific considerations for anesthesia and analgesia in sheep models.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature and established uses of sheep in preclinical research.
  • Comparison of physiological parameters between sheep and humans in relevant systems (cardiovascular, reproductive, skeletal).
  • Discussion of specific surgical and therapeutic evaluation techniques applicable to the ovine model.
  • Analysis of challenges and best practices for sheep anesthesia and analgesia.

Main Results:

  • Sheep exhibit significant physiological and anatomical similarities to humans in cardiovascular function, placental structure, and bone characteristics.
  • The ovine model is validated for studying cardiovascular implants, neonatal adaptation, congenital diaphragmatic hernia, orthopedic conditions (bone defects, OA, joint replacement), and spinal surgery.
  • Specific anesthetic and analgesic protocols are necessary due to ruminant digestive physiology, with emphasis on fasting, recovery management, and ethical considerations.

Conclusions:

  • The sheep is a robust, cost-effective, and easily handled animal model with high translational value for diverse preclinical research.
  • Its suitability spans multiple disciplines, including cardiovascular, neonatal, orthopedic, and spinal surgery, utilizing validated human-relevant outcome measures.
  • Developing tailored anesthesia and analgesia strategies is essential for the ethical and scientific integrity of studies using ovine models.