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Current Attainments on Nanobiosensors for Diagnosing Atherosclerosis Biomarkers
Thangavel Lakshmipriya1, Subash C B Gopinath2,3,4,5, Yeng Chen6
1Saveetha Medical College & Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Thandalam, Chennai, 602 105, Tamil Nadu, India.
Insights
Early detection of atherosclerosis, a chronic inflammatory blood vessel disease, is crucial for preventing heart attacks. This review explores advancements in understanding atherosclerosis and using biomarkers with nano biosensors for diagnosis.
Area of Science:
- Cardiovascular Medicine
- Biomedical Engineering
- Nanotechnology
Background:
- Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease of blood vessel walls, leading to plaque formation and increasing risks for myocardial infarction, heart failure, and acute coronary syndrome.
- Existing diagnostic methods like angiograms and CT scans have limitations; early identification is vital to prevent severe cardiovascular events and improve patient outcomes.
- Biomarkers released during atherosclerosis pathogenesis offer potential for improved diagnosis and severity assessment.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review recent advancements in understanding the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis.
- To explore the implementation of nano biosensors for detecting atherosclerosis biomarkers.
- To highlight the potential of nano biosensors in early diagnosis and severity assessment of atherosclerosis.
Main Methods:
- Literature review focusing on recent research in atherosclerosis formation.
- Analysis of studies on the application of various biomarkers in cardiovascular disease diagnosis.
- Examination of advancements in nano biosensor technology for biomarker quantification.
Main Results:
- Inflammation is central to atherosclerosis, driving plaque development and associated cardiovascular risks.
- Biomarker quantification using nano biosensors shows promise for sensitive and specific detection of atherosclerosis.
- Nano biosensors offer a potential platform for early and accurate diagnosis, aiding in risk stratification.
Conclusions:
- Understanding atherosclerosis pathogenesis is key to developing effective diagnostic tools.
- Nano biosensors represent a significant advancement in detecting atherosclerosis biomarkers, potentially improving early diagnosis.
- Integrating nano biosensor technology could revolutionize the management of atherosclerosis and related cardiovascular diseases.
Abstract:
Atherosclerosis is a chronic disease caused by inflammation in the blood vessel wall, which leads to plaque formation in the endothelial lining. Preexisting atherosclerosis contributes to various cardiovascular problems, including myocardial infarction, congestive cardiac failure, arrhythmias, and acute coronary syndrome, all of which are associated with higher postoperative mortality and morbidity. Rupturing of atherosclerosis poses a significant health concern as triggering a heart attack. Therefore, it is essential to identify atherosclerosis early to prevent health complications and their subsequent consequences. Atherosclerosis is typically diagnosed by angiograms, computerized tomography scans and stress tests. Additionally, various biomarkers are released by inflammatory cells in the surrounding tissue and artery walls during the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Quantifying these biomarkers can aid in diagnosing and determining the severity of atherosclerosis in relation to cardiovascular diseases. This review focuses on the recent advancements in understanding the formation of atherosclerosis and the implementation of biomarkers in nano biosensors.
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