Microglia-Astrocyte Crosstalk in Post-Stroke Neuroinflammation: Mechanisms and Therapeutic Strategies

Stroke is a leading cause of severe disability and mortality worldwide. Glial cells in the central nervous system (CNS) not only provide nutritional support but also play crucial roles in the inflammatory response. Microglia and astrocytes, integral components of the innate immune system, are involved in all stages of stroke and are active participants in inducing post-stroke neuroinflammation. Recent studies have increasingly focused on the potential crosstalk between microglia and astrocytes, identifying it as a promising area for understanding the pathogenesis and therapeutic mechanisms of CNS inflammatory diseases. These cells not only undergo dynamic phenotypic changes but also establish an intimate two-way dialogue by releasing various signaling molecules. This review paper elucidates the spatiotemporal dynamics of microglia and astrocytes in post-stroke neuroinflammation and highlights interaction pathways and potential therapeutic strategies for stroke.