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HBV infection and pregnancy: Increased risks of gestational diabetes and preterm birth

Xiumei Cai1, Suiping Huang2, Zuliang Ma3

  • 1Xiumei Cai, Department of Medical Quality Control, Nanhai Affiliated Maternity and Children's Hospital of, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Foshan, China.

Pakistan Journal of Medical Sciences
|April 28, 2025
PubMed

Insights

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in pregnant women increases risks for gestational diabetes, intrahepatic cholestasis, and preterm birth before 34 weeks. This highlights potential pregnancy complications associated with HBV.

Area of Science:

  • Obstetrics and Gynecology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Perinatology

Background:

  • Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a global health concern.
  • Understanding the impact of HBV on pregnancy outcomes is crucial for maternal and infant health.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) positivity and adverse pregnancy outcomes.
  • To identify specific pregnancy complications linked to HBV infection.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective study of 13,980 pregnant women (2020-2022).
  • Comparison of pregnancy outcomes between HBsAg-positive (1,059) and HBsAg-negative (12,921) groups.

Main Results:

  • HBsAg-positive pregnant women showed significantly higher rates of gestational diabetes mellitus (OR, 1.20).
  • Increased incidence of intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (OR, 1.85) and preterm birth before 34 weeks (OR, 1.96) was observed in the HBsAg-positive group.
  • The association between HBV infection and these outcomes was statistically significant.

Conclusions:

  • Hepatitis B infection during pregnancy is associated with an elevated risk of gestational diabetes mellitus, intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy, and preterm birth.
  • Further research is needed to fully elucidate the mechanisms and implications of HBV infection on pregnancy.
  • Clinical vigilance for these complications in HBsAg-positive pregnant individuals is warranted.
Abstract

Keywords:
HBV infectionPregnancy outcomes

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