Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Angle of Twist: Problem Solving

Angle of Twist: Problem Solving

An electric motor applies a torque of 700 N·m to an aluminum shaft, triggering a stable rotation. Two pulleys, B and C, are subjected to torques of 300 N·m and 400 N·m, respectively. The modulus of rigidity is provided as 25 GPa. With the knowledge of the length and diameter of each segment, the twist angle between the two pulleys can be computed. First, a section cut is made between pulleys B and C, and the cut cross-section is analyzed using a free-body diagram. Given that the...

Adjusting a Traverse

Adjusting a Traverse

In the site survey of a four-sided traverse, internal angles are essential to ensure geometric accuracy. The survey revealed that the sum of the measured internal angles was 359 degrees and 48 minutes, which is 12 minutes less than the expected 360 degrees. This discrepancy signals an error likely arising from measurement inaccuracies during the fieldwork.To rectify this error, the adjustment process involved distributing the 12-minute shortfall equally across the four internal angles. By...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

An Effective Case of Radiofrequency Ablation with the Combination of Durvalumab and Tremelimumab Treatment for Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Case Report.

Internal medicine (Tokyo, Japan)·2026

Same author

Feline morbillivirus elicits robust neutralizing antibodies in domestic cats without cross-neutralizing activities against canonical morbilliviruses.

The Journal of general virology·2026

Same author

Authors' reply to letter by Martinod et al. on rationale for using lenvatinib as an urgent initial therapy in thyroid cancer with remarkable laryngotracheal invasion.

European thyroid journal·2025

Same author

Coordinated interactions among Nipah virus N, P and M proteins drive formation of distinct inclusion bodies.

The Journal of general virology·2025

Same author

Primary Gastric Alveolar Rhabdomyosarcoma.

Internal medicine (Tokyo, Japan)·2025

Same author

Comparative Oncology: Cross-Sectional Single-Cell Transcriptomic Profiling of the Tumor Microenvironment Across Seven Human Cancers.

Cancers·2025

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 10, 2025

Comparative Analysis of Lower Limb Kinematics between the Initial and Terminal Phase of 5km Treadmill Running

Comparative Analysis of Lower Limb Kinematics between the Initial and Terminal Phase of 5km Treadmill Running

Published on: July 17, 2020

Relationship Between Arm Swing Angles and Intervertebral Spinal Rotation Angles During Treadmill Walking.

Tsubasa Yamaguchi¹, Eizaburo Suzuki¹, Hiroshi Katoh¹

¹Department of Physical Therapy, Graduate School, Yamagata Prefectural University of Health Sciences, Yamagata, JPN.

|April 28, 2025

Summary

Arm swing during walking is not solely driven by spinal rotation. The lower lumbar spine influences left arm swing, but other factors also contribute to arm movement.

Keywords:

arm swing angle asymmetry motion analysis treadmill walking vertebral rotation angle

More Related Videos

Using a Split-belt Treadmill to Evaluate Generalization of Human Locomotor Adaptation

Using a Split-belt Treadmill to Evaluate Generalization of Human Locomotor Adaptation

Published on: August 23, 2017

Evaluation of Patients' Posture and Gait Profile After Lumbar Fusion Surgery by Video Rasterstereography and Treadmill Gait Analysis

Published on: March 23, 2019

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 10, 2025

Comparative Analysis of Lower Limb Kinematics between the Initial and Terminal Phase of 5km Treadmill Running

Comparative Analysis of Lower Limb Kinematics between the Initial and Terminal Phase of 5km Treadmill Running

Published on: July 17, 2020

Using a Split-belt Treadmill to Evaluate Generalization of Human Locomotor Adaptation

Using a Split-belt Treadmill to Evaluate Generalization of Human Locomotor Adaptation

Published on: August 23, 2017

Evaluation of Patients' Posture and Gait Profile After Lumbar Fusion Surgery by Video Rasterstereography and Treadmill Gait Analysis

Published on: March 23, 2019

Area of Science:

Biomechanics
Human locomotion
Spinal kinematics

Background:

Arm swing during walking is crucial for energy efficiency and motor control.
Traditionally, arm swing was attributed to passive spinal rotation.
The precise relationship between arm swing and spinal rotation at different vertebral levels is not well understood.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the relationship between arm swing angles and spinal rotation angles at specific spinal levels.
To clarify the contribution of different spinal segments to arm swing during walking.

Main Methods:

Utilized a 3D motion analysis system (VICON MX-T) on 21 healthy males during treadmill walking.
Divided the spine into four functional regions: upper thoracic (T1-T7), lower thoracic (T7-L1), upper lumbar (L1-L3), and lower lumbar (L3-S).
Measured arm swing angles (lateral epicondyle sagittal plane) and spinal horizontal plane rotation angles at each level.

Main Results:

The left arm exhibited a significantly greater swing angle compared to the right arm.
The upper thoracic spine (T1-T7) showed the lowest rotation angle among all measured spinal levels.
A significant positive correlation was found between the left arm swing angle and the lower lumbar spine (L3-S) rotation angle.

Conclusions:

The lower lumbar spine (L3-S) plays a role in influencing left arm swing during steady-state walking.
Arm swing is not exclusively determined by the rotational movements of the entire spine.
Additional, uninvestigated factors likely contribute to the complex mechanism of arm swing during gait.