A Comprehensive Review of Electrolyte Imbalances and Their Applied Aspects in Dermatology

Electrolytes play a pivotal role in the maintenance of neutrality in the minerals of the cells - also, the generation and conduction of action potentials in neurons and muscles. Key electrolytes include sodium, potassium, chloride, magnesium, calcium, and phosphate. Electrolyte imbalances can result in elevated or diminished levels. Abnormal electrolyte levels, whether raised or decreased, interfere with normal physiological activities and may result in life-threatening consequences. Electrolyte imbalances are common in critical care units, although they are less frequent in dermatological conditions. Dermatologists should, however, be knowledgeable about the skin disorders and medications that are related to or may increase the risk of electrolyte imbalance to ensure that appropriate treatments are implemented immediately to avoid negative results. The objective of this review is to narrate the dermatological features of disorders involving abnormalities of sodium, potassium, calcium, phosphorus, and magnesium.