Reconstruction and exploitation of a dedicated Genome-Scale Metabolic Model of the human pathogen C. neoformans

C. neoformans is notorious for causing severe pulmonary and central nervous system infections, particularly in immunocompromised patients. High mortality rates, associated with its tropism and adaptation to the brain microenvironment and its drug resistance profile, makes this pathogen a public health threat and a World Health Organization (WHO) priority. In this study, we reconstructed GSMM iRV890 for C. neoformans var. grubii, providing a promising platform for the comprehensive understanding of the unique metabolic features of C. neoformans, and subsequently shedding light on its complex tropism for the brain microenvironment and potentially informing the discovery of new drug targets. The GSMM iRV890 model is openly available in the SBML format, and underwent validation using experimental data for nitrogen and carbon assimilation, as well as specific growth and glucose consumption rates. Based on the comparison with GSMMs available for other pathogenic yeasts, unique metabolic features were predicted for C. neoformans, including key pathways shaping the dynamics between C. neoformans and the human host, and underlying its adaptation to the brain environment. Finally, predicted essential genes from the validated model are explored herein as potential novel antifungal drug targets.