Participatory science in urban soil research: A framework for overcoming challenges and expanding public engagement

Urban soils play a crucial role in supporting city sustainability, including green infrastructure, food production, water regulation, and climate resilience. Yet their complexity, compounded by environmental risks, pose challenges for research and policy. This article presents a participatory science framework that engages communities in soil monitoring and management through co-designed projects, educational outreach, and simplified data collection protocols. By integrating digital tools and real-time mapping, the framework enhances data accuracy while fostering environmental stewardship. Grounded in interdisciplinary collaboration, the framework connects scientific research, technological support, community engagement, and policy advocacy to improve urban soil health. Demonstrated through case studies and practical strategies, this approach builds capacity for sustained community involvement and equitable environmental decision-making. The broader significance lies in the framework's ability to foster reciprocal relationships between scientists and communities, where shared knowledge, action, and responsibility strengthen urban soil stewardship.