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Association Among Vitamin D Receptor Gene Polymorphisms, Metabolic Control, and Inflammatory Markers in Type 2
Ramara Kadija Fonseca Santos1,2, Raquel Oliveira Pereira1, Paula Nascimento Brandão-Lima3
1Health Sciences Post-Graduation Program, University Hospital, Federal University of Sergipe, Aracaju, Sergipe 49060-108, Brazil.
Context:
Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the vitamin D receptor (VDR) contribute to inadequate metabolic profiles in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).
Objective:
We sought to elucidate the relationship among SNPs in the VDR and markers for glycemic control, lipid profile, and inflammation in individuals with T2DM.
Data Sources:
We performed a systematic search in the MEDLINE (via PubMed), EMBASE, and SCOPUS databases in July 2021 and updated the search in October 2023.
Data Extraction:
6 observational studies were selected from the databases, and 1 study was included after checking the reference list. Two authors independently completed the selection and data extraction of studies and population characteristics, the prevalence of SNPs in the VDR, genotyping methods, and laboratory findings, and performed summary statistics of the results.
Data Analysis:
The meta-analyses were performed on 5 studies including 1198 adults with T2DM. The duration of the diabetes diagnosis ranged from 5.0 to 14.7 years. A random-effects model was used to pool the results using a 2-tailed (P < .05). Effect sizes were reported as standardized mean differences (SMDs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Four SNPs in the VDR were identified (Fokl, BsmI, Taql, and Apal) by using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). The Fokl SNP was identified in 5 studies and associated with a higher percentage of glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c%) (SMD, 0.41 [95% CI, 0.15-0.67]). The Bsml in 4 studies was associated with higher triacylglycerol (SMD, 0.21 [95% CI, 0.03-0.38]). The Taql SNP was identified in 2 studies and did not show any associations, and the Apal SNP was identified in only 1 study and was not analysed in the meta-analysis.
Conclusions:
Although the studies identified 4 SNPs in the VDR, the results of the meta-analysis allowed us to infer only the association of the SNPs Fokl and Bsml with increased %HbA1c and triacylglycerol levels, respectively, in individuals with T2DM.
Systematic Review Registration:
PROSPERO registration number CRD42021268152.
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