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Using Caenorhabditis elegans as a Model System to Study Protein Homeostasis in a Multicellular Organism
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STING: a multifaced player in cellular homeostasis.

Kun Song1, Lyu Heng1, Nan Yan1

  • 1Department of Immunology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 6000 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX 75390, United States.

Human Molecular Genetics
|April 28, 2025
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The stimulator of interferon gene (STING) protein is crucial for sensing DNA and regulating immune responses. Recent research highlights its role beyond infections, implicating STING in various non-infectious diseases and revealing complex trafficking and signaling pathways.

Keywords:
STINGautoimmune diseasesneurodegenerative diseasetype I interferonvesicle trafficking

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Cell Biology
  • Human Genetics

Background:

  • The stimulator of interferon gene (STING) is a key mediator in the innate immune system's cytoplasmic DNA sensing pathway.
  • STING's role extends beyond infectious diseases, implicating it in cancer, autoimmune disorders, and neurodegenerative conditions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advancements in understanding STING trafficking and signaling mechanisms.
  • To explore the connection between STING function and monogenic inborn error diseases.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent studies on STING.
  • Analysis of STING trafficking from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to the Golgi and lysosome.
  • Examination of STING-associated monogenic diseases.

Main Results:

  • STING exhibits diverse signaling activities, including type I interferon (IFN-I) and IFN-independent pathways, many of which require further elucidation.
  • STING undergoes continuous transport through the secretory pathway (ER-Golgi-lysosome).
  • Mutations in STING or its trafficking cofactors are linked to multi-organ human diseases.

Conclusions:

  • STING is a central player in both infectious and non-infectious diseases.
  • Understanding STING trafficking and signaling is critical for deciphering its role in human pathologies.
  • Studies of STING-associated genetic disorders provide valuable insights into its complex functions.