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Effects of PM2.5 Metal Components Derived From Porcine Farm Exposure on Sperm Function in Mice
Chae Yeon Kim1, Chae Rim Kim1, Eungyung Kim1
1Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, Research Institute for Innovative Animal Science, Kyungpook National University, Sangju, Republic of Korea.
Abstract:
This study aimed to identify the effects of major metal components present in particulate matter (PM)2.5 on the reproductive system, sperm function, and embryo development. Through intratracheal instillation, male mice were exposed to various concentrations of metal components, including calcium oxide (Ca), iron oxide (Fe), aluminum oxide (Al), zinc oxide (Zn), lead oxide (Pb), and a mixture of these metals, in PM2.5 collected from the porcine farm. After 14 days, testicular inflammation and abnormal sperm morphology were observed in the exposed mice. These results indicate that such metal exposure enhances inflammatory cytokines in the testis and oxidative stress-induced apoptosis. Moreover, the exposure influenced sperm deformation, capacitation status, testosterone levels, and testosterone biosynthesis. Importantly, embryo development was also found to be impacted due to decreased sperm fertility. This study demonstrates that major metal components of PM2.5 derived from porcine farm pose adverse effects on the male reproductive system.
Insights
Exposure to metal components in particulate matter (PM)2.5 from porcine farms harms male reproductive health. This study found testicular inflammation, impaired sperm function, and reduced embryo development in exposed mice.
Area of Science:
- Environmental Science
- Reproductive Toxicology
- Occupational Health
Background:
- Particulate matter (PM)2.5 contains various metal components.
- Exposure to environmental pollutants can impact reproductive health.
- Porcine farm environments may contain specific PM2.5 compositions.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the effects of major metal components in PM2.5 on the male reproductive system.
- To assess the impact on sperm function and embryo development.
- To understand the mechanisms of reproductive toxicity.
Main Methods:
- Male mice were exposed to PM2.5 containing specific metal oxides (Ca, Fe, Al, Zn, Pb) via intratracheal instillation.
- Evaluated testicular inflammation, sperm morphology, and sperm function parameters.
- Assessed testosterone levels and embryo development post-exposure.
Main Results:
- Testicular inflammation and abnormal sperm morphology were observed.
- Metal exposure increased inflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress-induced apoptosis in testes.
- Sperm deformation, altered capacitation, and reduced testosterone levels were noted.
- Impaired sperm fertility led to adverse effects on embryo development.
Conclusions:
- Major metal components in porcine farm-derived PM2.5 adversely affect the male reproductive system.
- Exposure induces inflammation, oxidative stress, and apoptosis in testicular tissue.
- Reproductive toxicity extends to impaired sperm function and compromised embryo development.
