'Nanotechnology-based implants: recent advances and future prospects for a range of diseases'

This is the goal of bio-implant engineering, which seeks to develop sophisticated biomaterials that can replace or augment lost or impaired tissue, and most importantly, replace the function of failed organs. Novel developments in nanotechnology have brought nanomaterials that mimic natural tissues, especially in terms of wettability, topographical, and energy states to act as a complementary substitute to the native tissues for biomedical implants. Theses nanomaterials, such as functional nanocoatings and nanostructured surfaces, enhance implant integration by offering highly effective antibacterial properties; and stimulating cell attachment, differentiation and proliferation. Its use in orthopedic biomaterials impacts on crucial issues of the existent implants which include corrosion and bacterial adhesion while smart biomaterials, porosity and three-dimensional are about personalized, and stimuli-responsive implants. This review covers recent advances in nanotechnology-based implant systems, designed and investigated for orthopedic and tissue engineering applications. Future prospects are also studied and critical concerns related to commcercialization of nanomaterial-based bio-implants, including cost, quality, pain management and implant lifespan are also touched.