Developing and Validating the Latin-American Spanish Version of the Measure Yourself Medical Outcome Profile®
Stacey L Schepens Niemiec1, Jesús Díaz2, Celso Delgado3
1Stacey L. Schepens Niemiec, PhD, OTR/L, DipACLM, LRC, is Associate Professor of Research, Mrs. T. H. Chan Division of Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles; schepens@usc.edu.
Importance:
Limited availability of Spanish-translated clinical assessment tools perpetuates disparities in health care access for Spanish-speaking Latinos in the United States. The Measure Yourself Medical Outcome Profile® (MYMOP) is a patient-reported outcome measure that has demonstrated utility for use with older Latinos, but a licensed Spanish-language version is not available.
Objective:
To develop, validate, and assess the readability of a culturally relevant translation of the MYMOP for U.S. Spanish-speaking Latinos.
Design:
A multiphase, systematic translation process involving cognitive debriefing with target respondents and validity and readability analysis.
Setting:
Data collected in-person or online within the general Latino community.
Participants:
Forty Spanish-speaking volunteers age 45 years or older identifying as Latino/Hispanic, living in the United States, and reporting one or more chronic health conditions were recruited.
Outcomes And Measures:
The Latin-American Spanish translation of the MYMOP (MYMOP-LAS), a person-centered tool that evaluates overall well-being, symptom severity, and symptom impact on daily activities, was cross-sectionally compared with the EuroQol Five-Dimension Five-Level (EQ-5D-5L) health-related quality of life measure.
Results:
Participants found the MYMOP-LAS generally understandable but recommended revisions to improve clarity and alignment with colloquial Spanish. The MYMOP-LAS baseline profile score and three of four subscales correlated significantly with the EQ-5D-5L utility index score (r = -.473 to -.519, ps ≤ .013). The MYMOP-LAS met expectations for readability (approximately fifth-grade reading level).
Conclusions And Relevance:
Preliminary evidence supports the validity and readability of the MYMOP-LAS for use with the U.S. Latino Spanish-speaking community. Additional research on the MYMOP-LAS's psychometric properties is warranted. Plain-Language Summary: In the United States, there is a shortage of clinical assessment tools for Spanish-speaking Latinos. This study aimed to develop a culturally relevant and readable Latin-American Spanish translation of the Measure Yourself Medical Outcome Profile® 2 (MYMOP-LAS). Forty Latinos age 45 yr and older living in the United States completed and critiqued a draft of the MYMOP-LAS. Participants understood the questionnaire but suggested changes to improve its clarity and alignment with more casual Spanish language. MYMOP-LAS scores aligned with another quality of life measure, corroborating MYMOP-LAS's validity. The tool was readable at about a fifth-grade reading level. This study provides support for using the MYMOP-LAS with Spanish-speaking Latino communities in the United States. Positionality Statement: The authors use Latino or Hispanic as a gender-inclusive term to describe participants but recognize the complexities of labeling ethnic and cultural identity. Three authors identify as Spanish-English bilingual Latino and two as English monolingual, non-Hispanic White. All authors have advanced training; most hold graduate or postgraduate degrees.
