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Related Concept Videos

Carbonation Shrinkage01:24

Carbonation Shrinkage

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Atmospheric CO2 penetrates the concrete's pores and, in the presence of moisture, forms carbonic acid, which then reacts with calcium hydroxide in the hydrated cement, forming calcium carbonate. This process reduces the concrete's volume and is termed carbonation shrinkage.
The concrete's permeability is slightly reduced as calcium carbonate produced during the reaction fills its pores. Furthermore, its strength is slightly enhanced as the water released during the reaction...
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Hydration of Cement01:24

Hydration of Cement

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Hydration of cement is a chemical reaction between cement particles and water. This process occurs primarily through two mechanisms: through-solution and topochemical. In the through-solution process, anhydrous compounds dissolve into their constituents, hydrates form in the solution, and then precipitate from the supersaturated solution. The topochemical process involves solid-state reactions at the cement particle surface. The through-solution process dominates the topochemical process at the...
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Strength and Heat of Hydration01:29

Strength and Heat of Hydration

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The hydration of cement is an exothermic reaction in which heat is generated as cement hydrates. This heat of hydration is critical to cement's strength development. The rate at which this heat is generated affects the temperature rise, with a majority of the heat being released early in the hydration process, half within the first three days, and about 75% within the first week.
The heat of hydration for each cement compound is significant; for instance, tricalcium aluminate (C3A) and...
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Porosity in Cement Paste01:18

Porosity in Cement Paste

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The porosity of concrete is a measure of the void spaces within its structure. These spaces impact its strength and durability significantly. When water and cement interact, a chemical reaction called hydration creates a semi-solid paste. This paste includes combined water, making up approximately 23% of the cement's dry mass, and gel water, which fills minuscule voids known as gel pores, accounting for about 28% of the cement gel volume.
The balance of water to cement in the mix is...
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Aldehydes and Ketones with Water: Hydrate Formation01:20

Aldehydes and Ketones with Water: Hydrate Formation

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An oxygen-based nucleophile, like water, can undergo addition reactions with aldehydes and ketones. The reaction leads to the formation of hydrates, also referred to as 1,1-diols or geminal diols.
The formation of hydrates is a reversible reaction. Hydrate formation is influenced by steric and electronic factors accompanying the alkyl substituents on the carbonyl group: The rate of hydrate formation increases with a decrease in the number of alkyl groups attached to the carbonyl carbon. Hence,...
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Physical Properties Affecting Solubility02:19

Physical Properties Affecting Solubility

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Solutions of Gases in Liquids
As for any solution, the solubility of a gas in a liquid is affected by the attractive intermolecular forces between solute and solvent species. Unlike solid and liquid solutes, however, there is no solute-solute intermolecular attraction to overcome when a gaseous solute dissolves in a liquid solvent since the atoms or molecules comprising a gas are far separated and experience negligible interactions. Consequently, solute-solvent interactions are the sole...
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Two-way Valorization of Blast Furnace Slag: Synthesis of Precipitated Calcium Carbonate and Zeolitic Heavy Metal Adsorbent
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Decreasing Hygroscopicity Slows Forsterite Carbonation under Low-Water Conditions.

Bavan P Rajan1, Sebastian T Mergelsberg1, Mark E Bowden1

  • 1Physical and Computational Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States.

Environmental Science & Technology
|April 28, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Low water content slows divalent metal silicate carbonation by reducing water film thickness. This impacts strategies for durable carbon dioxide storage and atmospheric CO2 mitigation.

Keywords:
carbon dioxideforsteritehygroscopicitymineral carbonationwater films

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Area of Science:

  • Geochemistry
  • Materials Science
  • Environmental Science

Background:

  • Understanding processes that slow divalent metal silicate carbonation is crucial for effective carbon dioxide (CO2) storage.
  • Mitigating atmospheric CO2 requires durable carbon storage solutions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Investigate a passivation effect in forsterite (Mg2SiO4) carbonation under low-water conditions.
  • Determine the role of hygroscopicity in metal silicate carbonation rates.

Main Methods:

  • Integrated in situ and ex situ experimental analysis.
  • Studied carbonation of forsterite in humid supercritical CO2 at 50 °C and 90 bar.
  • Analyzed changes in water film thickness and ion concentrations.

Main Results:

  • Forsterite carbonation rate decreased after ~10 hours, correlating with reduced water film thickness.
  • Weakly hydrogen-bonded adsorbed water, crucial for ion transport, diminished.
  • The shift from amorphous magnesium carbonate (AMC) to less soluble magnesite (MgCO3) reduced hygroscopic ion concentrations, leading to thinner water films and slower carbonation.

Conclusions:

  • Hygroscopicity significantly influences metal silicate carbonation rates.
  • Water film thickness, dependent on hygroscopic ion concentrations, controls ion transport and carbonation kinetics.
  • Durable CO2 storage strategies must consider the role of water and mineral solubility in carbonation processes.