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Curing of Concrete

Curing of Concrete

The hydration of cement takes place within the water-filled capillary pores. However, environmental elements can disrupt this process by evaporating water from the concrete surfaces. Sealed concrete with a water-cement ratio below 0.5 experiences self-desiccation, leading to water loss. The water loss in concrete is mitigated by curing. This technique involves keeping the concrete saturated to maintain the necessary temperature and moisture conditions, to optimally fill the spaces in the cement...

Curing Methods

Curing Methods

Concrete members with a small surface-to-volume ratio are cured by oiling and moistening the forms before casting the concrete member. These forms can be left in place for a prolonged period to prevent moisture loss, and can be wetted if made of a material suitable for wetting. If the forms are removed early, the concrete member is moistened and covered with polythene sheets to maintain moisture. For large horizontal concrete surfaces exposed to dry weather, a temporary covering is suspended...

Hydration of Cement

Hydration of Cement

Hydration of cement is a chemical reaction between cement particles and water. This process occurs primarily through two mechanisms: through-solution and topochemical. In the through-solution process, anhydrous compounds dissolve into their constituents, hydrates form in the solution, and then precipitate from the supersaturated solution. The topochemical process involves solid-state reactions at the cement particle surface. The through-solution process dominates the topochemical process at the...

Design Example: Managing Concrete Workability

Design Example: Managing Concrete Workability

This example deals with managing the workability of concrete for a raft foundation project under hot weather conditions. Workability is crucial for ensuring the concrete is easy to place, compact, and finish. In this scenario, a slump test — a common method to measure the workability of fresh concrete — initially indicated low workability. This was attributed to the rapid water loss from the concrete mix, exacerbated by the high temperatures causing the course aggregates to heat up.

Retarders

Retarders

Retarders are chemical admixtures designed to extend the setting time, which is especially useful when there is a delay in sequential concrete pours to prevent cold joints and to achieve a cohesive structure. Retarders, when used in appropriate amounts, can also enhance the architectural appearance of exposed aggregate finishes.
The function of retarders is to delay the setting of concrete, and this effect can be measured using a penetration test. The retardation process involves adding...

Porosity in Cement Paste

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The porosity of concrete is a measure of the void spaces within its structure. These spaces impact its strength and durability significantly. When water and cement interact, a chemical reaction called hydration creates a semi-solid paste. This paste includes combined water, making up approximately 23% of the cement's dry mass, and gel water, which fills minuscule voids known as gel pores, accounting for about 28% of the cement gel volume.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 14, 2025

Sandy Soil Improvement through Microbially Induced Calcite Precipitation MICP by Immersion

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Published on: September 12, 2019

Curing Regime Optimization of Red Mud-Based Geopolymers.

Zhongping Yang^1,2,3, Shuang Yang¹, Xuyong Li¹

¹School of Civil Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China.

Langmuir : the ACS Journal of Surfaces and Colloids

|April 28, 2025

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Optimizing curing conditions for red mud geopolymer (RMG) is key. Elevated temperature and humidity up to 24 hours significantly enhance strength, with an optimal regime identified for superior mechanical performance.

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Area of Science:

Materials Science
Geochemistry
Civil Engineering

Background:

Current red mud geopolymer (RMG) curing follows cement science, which is ill-suited due to different strength mechanisms.
Geopolymerization requires high alkalinity, elevated temperatures, and humidity, unlike cement hydration.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the impact of curing temperature, humidity, and duration on RMG mechanical properties.
To determine the optimal curing regime for red mud-based geopolymer using response surface analysis.

Main Methods:

Red mud-based geopolymer (RMG) specimens were subjected to varied curing regimes.
Mechanical performance was assessed using Unconfined Compressive Strength (UCS).
Microstructure, phase composition, and chemical structure were analyzed using MIP, SEM, XRD, and FTIR.

Main Results:

Increased curing temperature (40-80°C) enhanced RMG strength, but excessive heat caused cracking.
Moist curing (80% RH) improved UCS by 19.8% compared to 70% RH, mitigating cracks and pores.
Strength increased with curing duration up to 24 hours, then decreased sharply at 48 hours due to pore generation.

Conclusions:

Curing temperature, humidity, and duration significantly influence RMG mechanical performance.
An optimal curing regime of 21.5 h at 73.8°C and 78.9% RH was identified.
Understanding these parameters is crucial for developing effective red mud-based geopolymer applications.