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Related Concept Videos

Extraction: Advanced Methods00:56

Extraction: Advanced Methods

388
Metal ions can be separated from one another by complexation with organic ligands–the chelating agent– to form uncharged chelates. Here, the chelating agent must contain hydrophobic groups and behave as a weak acid, losing a proton to bind with the metal. Since most organic ligands used in this process are insoluble or undergo oxidation in the aqueous phase, the chelating agent is initially added to the organic phase and extracted into the aqueous phase. The metal-ligand complex is...
388
Ion Exchange01:17

Ion Exchange

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Ion exchange chromatography separates charged molecules from a solution by reversibly exchanging them with mobile, or 'active', ions associated with the oppositely charged stationary phase. This method can be used to separate ions, soften and deionize water, and purify solutions. The polymers comprising the ion-exchange column are high-molecular-weight and chemically stable polymers, crosslinked to be porous and essentially insoluble. They are also functionalized with either acidic or...
395
Potentiometry: Membrane Electrodes01:15

Potentiometry: Membrane Electrodes

299
Membrane electrodes, also known as p-ion electrodes, use membranes that selectively interact with free analyte ions, generating a potential difference across the membrane. The resulting membrane potential, known as the asymmetry potential, is not zero even when analyte concentrations on both sides of the membrane are equal. The membrane's response is typically not selective to a single analyte but proportional to the concentration of all ions in the sample solution capable of interacting at...
299

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 9, 2025

Electrophoretic Crystallization of Ultrathin High-performance Metal-organic Framework Membranes
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Engineering Bipolar Covalent Organic Framework Membranes for Selective Acid Extraction.

Di Wu1, Zhiwei Xing1, Qing Guo1

  • 1Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Chemical Engineering Manufacture Technology, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.

Angewandte Chemie (International Ed. in English)
|April 28, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Recovering nitric acid (HNO₃) from waste is crucial. Bipolar covalent organic framework (COF) membranes enable efficient HNO₃ separation from complex mixtures, enhancing purity and sustainability.

Keywords:
Bipolar membraneCharge manipulationCovalent organic framework membraneIon rectificationSingle‐acid recovery

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Chemical Engineering
  • Environmental Science

Background:

  • Nitric acid (HNO₃) is a key industrial chemical.
  • Efficient recovery from waste streams is vital for sustainability.
  • Current separation methods face challenges with complex mixtures.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and evaluate bipolar covalent organic framework (COF) membranes for nitric acid recovery.
  • To investigate the impact of tunable ionic site distributions on membrane performance.
  • To demonstrate enhanced HNO₃ transport and selectivity.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of bipolar COF membranes by layering anionic and cationic COF nanosheets.
  • Utilizing asymmetric charge polarity and intrinsic electric fields for enhanced transport.
  • Characterization of membrane performance using a mixed waste stream.

Main Results:

  • Bipolar COF membranes exhibited significant rectifying behavior.
  • Transmembrane diffusion coefficient exceeded the self-diffusion rate of nitrate ions.
  • Achieved high separation factors (22-242,000) for HNO₃ over other solutes.
  • Increased HNO₃ purity from 12.5% to 94.1% in a single separation step.

Conclusions:

  • Bipolar COF membranes offer an effective solution for nitric acid recovery from complex waste.
  • The tunable nature of COF materials allows for optimized membrane design.
  • This advancement significantly improves chemical separation technologies for industrial sustainability.