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Effects of oxidative stress on viral infections: an overview

Mohammad Enamul Hoque Kayesh1, Michinori Kohara2, Kyoko Tsukiyama-Kohara3

  • 1Department of Microbiology and Public Health, Faculty of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Barishal, 8210, Bangladesh. mehkayesh@pstu.ac.bd.

Npj Viruses
|April 28, 2025
PubMed

Insights

Viral infections increase reactive oxygen species (ROS), causing redox stress and cell damage. Understanding ROS in viral pathogenesis is key for developing new treatments against infections like COVID-19 and HIV.

Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Virology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Viral infections disrupt host cell redox balance, increasing reactive oxygen species (ROS).
  • Elevated ROS leads to oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis, contributing to viral pathogenesis and disease.
  • Current therapeutic strategies often overlook the role of redox imbalance in viral diseases.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current understanding of ROS production during viral infections.
  • To elucidate the impact of ROS on viral pathogenesis across diverse viral agents.
  • To identify potential therapeutic targets related to redox modulation for viral infections.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on viral infections and ROS.
  • Analysis of ROS production mechanisms in various viral models.
  • Synthesis of data on the effects of ROS on host cells during infection.

Main Results:

  • Viruses like SARS-CoV-2, influenza, dengue, Zika, HBV, HCV, and HIV modulate ROS levels.
  • Increased ROS is a common mechanism contributing to cell damage and disease severity in these infections.
  • Antioxidant defenses are often compromised during viral infections, exacerbating redox stress.

Conclusions:

  • Targeting ROS pathways presents a promising strategy for novel antiviral therapies.
  • A comprehensive understanding of ROS in viral pathogenesis can guide the development of preventive measures.
  • Modulating redox balance may offer a universal approach to managing diverse viral infections.

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