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Surface Localized Coacervation Controlled by Bioactive Nanoarchitectonic Polyelectrolyte Multilayers.

Jean-Yves Runser1,2,3, Shahaji H More1,2,3, Robin Weiss3

  • 1Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), UMR_S 1121, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) EMR 7003, Université de Strasbourg, CRBS, 1 rue Eugène Boeckel, CS 60026, Strasbourg Cedex, 67000, France.

Small (Weinheim an Der Bergstrasse, Germany)
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed a novel surface that controls biomolecular liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) at interfaces. This stimuli-responsive surface, using enzyme-triggered pH changes, precisely induces coacervate droplet formation for potential applications in life

Keywords:
enzyme‐induced coacervationliquid–liquid phase separationnanoarchitectonicpolyelectrolyte multilayer filmspatiotemporal coacervation control

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Area of Science:

  • Biomolecular condensates and their formation mechanisms.
  • Interfaces and surface science.
  • Biophysics and soft matter physics.

Background:

  • Liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) is crucial for cellular organization but often studied in bulk conditions.
  • LLPS in living systems occurs at interfaces with spatiotemporal control.
  • Understanding interface-driven LLPS is key to understanding life's origins.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a stimuli-responsive surface for controlled interfacial LLPS.
  • To investigate the mechanism of enzyme-induced coacervation at a solid-liquid interface.
  • To explore tunable parameters affecting coacervate droplet formation.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of enzymatically active nanoarchitectured polyelectrolyte multilayer (PEM) films.
  • Embedding urease enzyme within PEM films to locally alter pH.
  • Utilizing urea and a peptide synthon (FFssFF) to induce coacervation.
  • Optical and fluorescence microscopy for droplet visualization and analysis.

Main Results:

  • A tunable, stimuli-responsive surface capable of controlling interfacial coacervation was successfully developed.
  • Urease-embedded PEM films triggered localized pH increases, inducing FFssFF coacervate droplet formation at the interface.
  • Variations in enzyme layers, urea concentration, and coacervator concentration influenced droplet kinetics, size, and surface density.

Conclusions:

  • The study demonstrates precise spatial and temporal control over LLPS at solid-liquid interfaces.
  • The developed system provides insights into interface-driven coacervation mechanisms.
  • This approach offers a platform for studying biomolecular phase separation in controlled interfacial environments.