Basic intellectual property for scientists: what is it, what to look for, and how to avoid pitfalls

Academic researchers need to be aware of patents and other intellectual property (IP) considerations to ensure that they can bring exciting inventions to the public. This is especially important as they consider not only publishing their innovations but also protecting and monetizing them. Understanding issues such as freedom to operate and rights of ownership is important to maximize the impact of inventions. Understanding issues such as jurisdiction (i.e. where one can enforce their patent rights) is also critical. Timing and content of publications need to be carefully considered where researchers also wish to take advantage of patent filings. This article addresses these topics, as well as basic background, with a specific focus on United States patent rules.