Annenberg Hotkeys: A Free, Simple, Interactive Learning Platform

Elizabeth Sanseau1, Kyle Cassidy2, Vanessa Denny3,4

  • 1Department of Emergency Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, USA.

Cureus
|April 29, 2025
PubMed

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Tolman introduced the idea that behavior is influenced by...
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Purposive Learning

E. C. Tolman emphasized the purposiveness of behavior — the idea that much of our behavior is goal-directed. For instance, employees who aim for a promotion work diligently to meet their targets. Tolman argued that when classical conditioning and operant conditioning occur, the organism acquires certain expectations. In classical conditioning, a child might fear a dog because they expect it to bite. In operant conditioning, a person might consistently work overtime because they expect a...
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Controls in Experiments

When conducting an experiment, it is crucial to have control to reduce bias and accurately measure the dependent variables. It also marks the results more reliable. Controls are elements in an experiment that have the same characteristics as the treatment groups but are not affected by the independent variable. By sorting these data into control and experimental conditions, the relationship between the dependent and independent variables can be drawn. A randomized experiment always includes a...
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Associative Learning01:27

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