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Updated: Jul 18, 2026

Patient-specific Modeling of the Heart: Estimation of Ventricular Fiber Orientations
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Patient-specific Modeling of the Heart: Estimation of Ventricular Fiber Orientations

Published on: January 8, 2013

Eye2Heart : a validated lumped-parameter model bridging cardiovascular and ocular dynamics

Lorenzo Sala, Mohamed Zaid, Faith Hughes

    Arxiv
    |April 29, 2025
    PubMed

    Insights

    The new Eye2Heart model links heart and eye blood flow using math. This helps understand how cardiovascular diseases affect vision and vice versa.

    Area of Science:

    • Cardiovascular Physiology
    • Ocular Hemodynamics
    • Mathematical Modeling

    Background:

    • The cardiovascular and ocular systems share intricate hemodynamic connections.
    • Current models often analyze these systems in isolation, hindering understanding of their interdependence.
    • Understanding these interactions is vital for both physiological regulation and pathological conditions.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To introduce the Eye2Heart model, a novel closed-loop mathematical framework.
    • To integrate cardiovascular and ocular dynamics for a holistic view.
    • To explore the impact of ocular parameters on systemic circulation and vice versa.

    Main Methods:

    • Developed a mathematical model using an electrical-hydraulic analogy.
    • Described heart-retinal circulation interactions via ordinary differential equations.
    • Validated the model against clinical and experimental data.

    Main Results:

    • The Eye2Heart model accurately reproduced key cardiovascular parameters (e.g., stroke volume, cardiac output).
    • The model successfully simulated ocular hemodynamics, including retinal blood flow.
    • In silico experiments revealed critical dependencies between intraocular pressure, left ventricular compliance, and circulation.

    Conclusions:

    • The Eye2Heart model provides a unified framework for studying cardiovascular and ocular systems.
    • It offers potential for investigating cardiovascular diseases with ocular manifestations.
    • The model supports patient-specific data integration for personalized medicine applications.

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