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Related Concept Videos

Anatomy of the Heart01:27

Anatomy of the Heart

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The human heart is made up of three layers of tissue that are surrounded by the pericardium, a membrane that protects and confines the heart. The outermost layer, closest to the pericardium, is the epicardium. The pericardial cavity separates the pericardium from the epicardium. Beneath the epicardium is the myocardium, the middle layer, and the endocardium, the innermost layer. There are four chambers of the heart: the right atrium, the right ventricle, the left atrium, and the left ventricle.
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Anatomy of the Eyeball01:20

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The eye is a spherical, hollow structure composed of three tissue layers. The outer layer — the fibrous tunic, comprises the sclera — a white structure — and the cornea, which is transparent. The sclera encompasses some of the ocular surface, most of which is not visible. However, the 'white of the eye' is distinctively visible in humans compared to other species. The cornea, a clear covering at the front of the eye, enables light penetration. The eye's middle...
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Cardiac Output and Stroke Volume01:11

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Physiological Pharmacokinetic Models: Blood Flow-Limited Versus Diffusion-Limited Models00:57

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Patient-specific Modeling of the Heart: Estimation of Ventricular Fiber Orientations
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Eye2Heart : a validated lumped-parameter model bridging cardiovascular and ocular dynamics.

Lorenzo Sala, Mohamed Zaid, Faith Hughes

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    The new Eye2Heart model links heart and eye blood flow using math. This helps understand how cardiovascular diseases affect vision and vice versa.

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    Area of Science:

    • Cardiovascular Physiology
    • Ocular Hemodynamics
    • Mathematical Modeling

    Background:

    • The cardiovascular and ocular systems share intricate hemodynamic connections.
    • Current models often analyze these systems in isolation, hindering understanding of their interdependence.
    • Understanding these interactions is vital for both physiological regulation and pathological conditions.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To introduce the Eye2Heart model, a novel closed-loop mathematical framework.
    • To integrate cardiovascular and ocular dynamics for a holistic view.
    • To explore the impact of ocular parameters on systemic circulation and vice versa.

    Main Methods:

    • Developed a mathematical model using an electrical-hydraulic analogy.
    • Described heart-retinal circulation interactions via ordinary differential equations.
    • Validated the model against clinical and experimental data.

    Main Results:

    • The Eye2Heart model accurately reproduced key cardiovascular parameters (e.g., stroke volume, cardiac output).
    • The model successfully simulated ocular hemodynamics, including retinal blood flow.
    • In silico experiments revealed critical dependencies between intraocular pressure, left ventricular compliance, and circulation.

    Conclusions:

    • The Eye2Heart model provides a unified framework for studying cardiovascular and ocular systems.
    • It offers potential for investigating cardiovascular diseases with ocular manifestations.
    • The model supports patient-specific data integration for personalized medicine applications.