Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Antigens Involved in Adaptive Immunity01:26

Antigens Involved in Adaptive Immunity

321
An antigen is any substance the immune system identifies as foreign and potentially harmful to the body, prompting an immune response. Antigens have two functional properties: immunogenicity and reactivity. Immunogenicity is the ability of an antigen to stimulate a specific immune response. At the same time, reactivity describes the antigen's ability to react with the cells and antibodies produced in response to it.
Complete Antigens
Complete antigens possess both immunogenicity and...
321
Diversity of Antigen Receptors01:28

Diversity of Antigen Receptors

363
Antigen receptors are essential components of the immune system crucial in defending the body against foreign invaders. These receptors are present on the surface of B and T cells, enabling them to recognize antigens and mount an appropriate immune response.
Before encountering any antigen, lymphocytes express these receptors. On B cells, the antigen receptor is a membrane-bound antibody molecule called BCR; on T cells, it is a T cell receptor or TCR. B and T cell receptors are composed of two...
363
Antigen Processing Pathways01:31

Antigen Processing Pathways

767
MHC molecules are key players in the immune response, enabling T cells to recognize and respond to specific antigens. They are present on the surface of all nucleated cells in the body and are instrumental in presenting antigens to T cells and activating them. T cells recognize the MHC-antigen complex and initiate an immune response. MHC class I and MHC class II are two main types of MHC molecules, each associated with a distinct antigen processing pathway.
MHC Class I: Presenting Endogenous...
767
T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection01:22

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection

526
T cells are integral to our adaptive immune system, recognizing and effectively responding to foreign antigens. T cell activation and clonal selection are pivotal in orchestrating this immune response. This article elucidates these mechanisms, detailing the roles of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, costimulatory signals, and the process of clonal selection.
Naive T cells that have not yet encountered an antigen express two primary CD...
526
Multipotency of Hematopoietic Stem Cells01:19

Multipotency of Hematopoietic Stem Cells

3.0K
The hematopoietic stem cells or HSCs are multipotent, meaning they can differentiate and give rise to all blood and immune cells. HSCs are maintained in the quiescent stage until an external stimulus initiates their differentiation. The multipotent HSCs exist as two heterogeneous populations, long-term repopulating cells (LTRC) and short-term repopulating cells (STRC). The two HSC populations have different surface markers or receptors and are classified based on quiescence and long-term...
3.0K
Diversity in Cell Signaling Responses01:22

Diversity in Cell Signaling Responses

6.3K
The physiological function of a cell and cellular communication are outcomes of a range of extrinsic signals, intracellular signaling pathways, and cellular responses. No two cell types express the same repertoire of signaling components. Receptors are highly selective for their cognate ligands, but once activated, they can alter multiple cellular processes such as DNA transcription, protein synthesis, and metabolic activity. 
Graded and Abrupt Responses
Some signaling systems generate...
6.3K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Rapid adaptation accelerates competitive suppression in a parasite community.

The ISME journal·2026
Same author

Integrating the Microbiome Into Infection Ecology and Evolution in Wild Animals.

Molecular ecology·2026
Same author

The most virulent parasite determines virulence in coinfection: a meta-analysis.

Parasitology·2026
Same author

Evidence for toxin-encoding coinfections driving intransitive dynamics between allelopathic phenotypes in natural yeast populations.

Journal of evolutionary biology·2025
Same author

Temperature as a Driver of Phage Ecology and Evolution.

Annual review of microbiology·2025
Same author

Host Transcriptomics Reveal Reduction in Defence-Reproduction Trade-Offs During Coinfection.

Molecular ecology·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 9, 2025

Tailoring In Vivo Cytotoxicity Assays to Study Immunodominance in Tumor-specific CD8+ T Cell Responses
10:13

Tailoring In Vivo Cytotoxicity Assays to Study Immunodominance in Tumor-specific CD8+ T Cell Responses

Published on: May 6, 2019

8.9K

MHC Diversity Across Time and Space.

Maria Cortazar-Chinarro1,2,3, Kayla C King4,5,6, Mette Lillie3

  • 1MEMEG/Department of Biology Faculty of Science, Lund University Lund Sweden.

Ecology and Evolution
|April 29, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Wildlife populations with lower immunogenetic diversity, particularly at geographic extremes, face increased extinction risk from climate change and emerging diseases. Understanding major histocompatibility complex (MHC) diversity is crucial for conservation.

Keywords:
MHCclimate changeevolutionary processesgenetic diversityhost–parasite interactions

More Related Videos

Stability and Structure of Bat Major Histocompatibility Complex Class I with Heterologous β2-Microglobulin
11:17

Stability and Structure of Bat Major Histocompatibility Complex Class I with Heterologous β2-Microglobulin

Published on: March 10, 2021

6.2K
Use of Single Chain MHC Technology to Investigate Co-agonism in Human CD8+ T Cell Activation
12:09

Use of Single Chain MHC Technology to Investigate Co-agonism in Human CD8+ T Cell Activation

Published on: February 28, 2019

9.7K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 9, 2025

Tailoring In Vivo Cytotoxicity Assays to Study Immunodominance in Tumor-specific CD8+ T Cell Responses
10:13

Tailoring In Vivo Cytotoxicity Assays to Study Immunodominance in Tumor-specific CD8+ T Cell Responses

Published on: May 6, 2019

8.9K
Stability and Structure of Bat Major Histocompatibility Complex Class I with Heterologous β2-Microglobulin
11:17

Stability and Structure of Bat Major Histocompatibility Complex Class I with Heterologous β2-Microglobulin

Published on: March 10, 2021

6.2K
Use of Single Chain MHC Technology to Investigate Co-agonism in Human CD8+ T Cell Activation
12:09

Use of Single Chain MHC Technology to Investigate Co-agonism in Human CD8+ T Cell Activation

Published on: February 28, 2019

9.7K

Area of Science:

  • Ecology
  • Evolutionary Biology
  • Immunogenetics

Background:

  • Genetic diversity is essential for population adaptation and survival.
  • Immunogenetic diversity, especially in major histocompatibility complex (MHC) genes, is critical for resisting infectious diseases.
  • MHC genes play a key role in host-parasite interactions and local adaptation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review geographic and temporal patterns of MHC diversity in wild populations.
  • To explore how selective and demographic factors shape MHC diversity.
  • To assess the impact of climate change on immunogenetic diversity and population resilience.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on MHC diversity patterns.
  • Analysis of latitudinal and altitudinal gradients in MHC variation.
  • Integration of theories such as the Latitude Diversity Gradient and Central Marginal Theory.

Main Results:

  • MHC diversity is often reduced at the edges of species' distributions, including high-latitude and high-altitude regions.
  • These patterns are influenced by environmental gradients and demographic processes.
  • Climate change and spreading parasites pose a significant threat to populations with low MHC diversity.

Conclusions:

  • Reduced immunogenetic diversity can compromise wildlife population resilience and survival.
  • Integrating immunogenetic data with environmental and parasite data is vital for understanding coevolution.
  • This approach can inform conservation strategies for vulnerable wildlife populations.