Description of Hip Deformities in 5-Year-Old Patients with Congenital Zika Virus Syndrome: A Cross-Sectional Study

Objective  To report on the most prevalent hip alterations in children older than 5 with congenital Zika virus syndrome (CZS) per clinical and radiographic examinations. Methods  Cross-sectional and retrospective study of 62 patients older than 5 with CZS. We extracted clinical data, including maximum abduction values, hip flexion contracture, gross motor function classification system (GMFCS) level, and radiographical data, including Reimers index (RI), femoral neck-shaft angle (FNSA), and acetabular index (AI), from medical records and radiographs and statistically evaluated them. Results  The mean age of children was 65.6 ± 4.1 months. Most patients (95.2%) presented GMFCS scores of IV and V. Slow hip abduction was 41.2 ± 19.5°. The Thomas test revealed a mean deviation of 16.1 ± 14.9°. The mean values of RI, FNSA, and AI were 54.1 ± 34.1%, 158 ± 11.9°, and 26.0 ± 8.12°, respectively. Patients with GMFCS III and IV had lower RI and AI than those with a score of V. Regarding FNSA, there was no statistical difference between groups. Patients who underwent tenotomy of the hip adductor muscles presented greater abduction but no relevant radiographic differences. Conclusion  There was a higher incidence of patients with hip luxation and more compromised functional degrees (GMFCS IV and V), and increased RI and AI in V. Operated patients presented abduction gain abduction but no radiographic improvement. Long-term studies are required to evaluate hip deformities in these subjects.