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Related Concept Videos

pH01:24

pH

The potential of hydrogen (pH) is a measure of the acidity or basicity of a water-based solution determined by the concentration of hydronium ions (H3O+). In one liter of pure water at neutral pH, there are 1×10−7 moles of hydronium ions. However, the extensive range of hydronium ion concentrations present in water-based solutions makes measuring pH in moles cumbersome. Therefore, a pH scale was developed to convert moles of hydronium ions into the negative logarithm of the hydronium ion...
Determining the pH of Salt Solutions04:08

Determining the pH of Salt Solutions

The pH of a salt solution is determined by its component anions and cations. Salts that contain pH-neutral anions and the hydronium ion-producing cations form a solution with a pH less than 7. For example, in ammonium nitrate (NH4NO3) solution, NO3− ions do not react with water whereas NH4+ ions produce the hydronium ions resulting in the acidic solution. In contrast, salts that contain pH-neutral cations and the hydroxide ion-producing anions form a solution with a pH greater than 7. For...
Calculating pH Changes in a Buffer Solution02:45

Calculating pH Changes in a Buffer Solution

A buffer can prevent a sudden drop or increase in the pH of a solution after the addition of a strong acid or base up to its buffering capacity; however, such addition of a strong acid or base does result in the slight pH change of the solution. The small pH change can be calculated by determining the resulting change in the concentration of buffer components, i.e., a weak acid and its conjugate base or vice versa. The concentrations obtained using these stoichiometric calculations can be used...
Indicators02:39

Indicators

Certain organic substances change color in dilute solution when the hydronium ion concentration reaches a particular value. For example, phenolphthalein is a colorless substance in any aqueous solution with a hydronium ion concentration greater than 5.0 × 10−9 M (pH < 8.3). In more basic solutions where the hydronium ion concentration is less than 5.0 × 10−9 M (pH > 8.3), it is red or pink. Substances such as phenolphthalein, which can be used to determine the pH of a solution, are called...
pH01:24

pH

The potential of hydrogen (pH) is a measure of the acidity or basicity of a water-based solution determined by the concentration of hydronium ions (H3O+). In one liter of pure water at neutral pH, there are 1×10−7 moles of hydronium ions. However, the extensive range of hydronium ion concentrations present in water-based solutions makes measuring pH in moles cumbersome. Therefore, a pH scale was developed to convert moles of hydronium ions into the negative logarithm of the hydronium ion...
Composition of Polyprotic Acid Solutions as a Function of pH01:19

Composition of Polyprotic Acid Solutions as a Function of pH

Polyprotic acids of the type H2M constitute two ionizable protons. As a result, on titration with a base, they exhibit two equivalence points in the titration curve. During titration, the species H2M, HM−, and M2− will be present in the solution at different points. The fractions of H2M, HM−, and M2− present at the various instances of the titration are denoted by α0, α1, and α2, respectively.
A graph with the alpha values is plotted against the volume of base added during titration. Here, a...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 5, 2026

Integrated Field Lysimetry and Porewater Sampling for Evaluation of Chemical Mobility in Soils and Established Vegetation
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Quantitative tools for analyzing rhizosphere pH dynamics: localized and integrated approaches.

Poonam Kanwar1,2, Stan Altmeisch1, Petra Bauer1,2

  • 1Institute of Botany, Heinrich Heine University, Universitätsstr. 1, D-40225, Düsseldorf, Germany.

Biology Methods & Protocols
|April 29, 2025
PubMed
Summary

We developed a new method to measure root zone pH changes, finding that iron availability affects plant pH responses. Overexpressing a key gene enhanced root acidification in plants.

Keywords:
ArabidopsisbHLH39ironlookup tables (LUT)pHpH electroderhizosphereroot

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Area of Science:

  • Plant Biology
  • Soil Science
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • The rhizosphere, the soil region around plant roots, is crucial for nutrient uptake and plant health.
  • Spatial pH variations in the rhizosphere influence nutrient availability and plant-soil interactions.
  • Accurate measurement of rhizosphere pH is vital for understanding plant adaptation and nutrient use efficiency.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and validate a high-resolution, non-destructive method for quantifying rhizosphere pH dynamics.
  • To investigate the role of the bHLH39 transcription factor and iron availability in regulating rhizosphere pH.
  • To provide scalable tools for studying root-induced pH changes in various plant species and conditions.

Main Methods:

  • Integration of bromocresol purple pH indicator with a rapid, non-destructive electrode-based system for pH visualization and quantification.
  • Development of localized and integrated electrode-based methods for precise rhizosphere pH measurements.
  • Comparative analysis of wild-type (WT) and bHLH39-overexpressing (39Ox) seedlings under varying iron (Fe) availability.

Main Results:

  • The novel electrode-based system enabled high-resolution, scalable monitoring of root-induced pH changes.
  • bHLH39-overexpressing plants showed significantly enhanced rhizosphere acidification compared to WT.
  • WT plants exhibited zone-specific rhizosphere pH responses that were dependent on iron availability.

Conclusions:

  • The refined methodology offers improved accuracy and efficiency for studying rhizosphere pH regulation.
  • bHLH39 plays a role in root-mediated acidification, particularly under specific iron conditions.
  • These tools advance the understanding of plant plasticity, nutrient mobilization, and adaptation to soil environments.