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In the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, a hormone called angiotensin II plays a crucial role. It binds to the AT1 receptors in vascular smooth muscles coupled with Gq proteins. The activation of these receptors activates an enzyme called phospholipase C, which releases two molecules: inositol trisphosphate and diacylglycerol. These molecules cause a chain reaction that leads to the phosphorylation of myosin light chains and promotes interaction between actin and myosin, leading to smooth...
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Hypertension, the most common cardiovascular disease, is diagnosed through repeated measurements of elevated blood pressure. Its risks, including damage to the kidney, heart, and brain, are directly proportional to blood pressure levels. Starting from 115/75 mm Hg, the risk of cardiovascular disease doubles with each increment of 20/10 mm Hg. The diagnosis relies on blood pressure measurements, not on patient symptoms, as hypertension is often asymptomatic until end-organ damage is imminent or...
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Updated: May 9, 2025

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Does ankylosing spondylitis exert a bidirectional influence on hypertension? A two-sample Mendelian randomization

Weiran Hu1,2, Kai Zhang1,2, Guang Yang1,2

  • 1Department of Spinal Cord Surgery, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China.

SAGE Open Medicine
|April 29, 2025
PubMed
Summary

This study found no causal link between ankylosing spondylitis and hypertension or blood pressure using Mendelian randomization. Further research confirmed these findings, indicating no genetic association between the conditions.

Keywords:
Ankylosing spondylitisMendelian randomizationhypertension

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Area of Science:

  • Genetics
  • Cardiovascular Health
  • Rheumatology

Background:

  • Observational studies suggest a link between ankylosing spondylitis and hypertension.
  • The causal relationship between ankylosing spondylitis and blood pressure remains controversial.
  • Further investigation is needed to understand the effects of ankylosing spondylitis on blood pressure.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the potential causal association between ankylosing spondylitis and blood pressure using Mendelian randomization.
  • To explore the genetic relationship between ankylosing spondylitis and hypertension, systolic blood pressure, and diastolic blood pressure.

Main Methods:

  • Bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization analysis was performed.
  • Five Mendelian randomization methods were employed, including inverse variance weighted, MR Egger regression, weighted median, and weighted mode.
  • Genetic variants associated with ankylosing spondylitis, hypertension, systolic blood pressure, and diastolic blood pressure were utilized.

Main Results:

  • Mendelian randomization analysis showed no genetic causal relationship between ankylosing spondylitis and hypertension (p=0.441).
  • No causal association was found between ankylosing spondylitis and systolic blood pressure (p=0.301) or diastolic blood pressure (p=0.778).
  • Reverse Mendelian randomization and validation cohort analysis confirmed these results, with no significant heterogeneity or pleiotropy detected.

Conclusions:

  • This study is the first to use two-sample Mendelian randomization to assess the causal link between ankylosing spondylitis and blood pressure.
  • The findings indicate a lack of a causal genetic association between ankylosing spondylitis and hypertension, systolic blood pressure, or diastolic blood pressure.