[Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder and cardiometabolic diseases: prevalence, etiology and treatment]

Area of Science:

• Neuroscience
• Cardiology
• Endocrinology

Background:

• Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is associated with an elevated risk of cardiometabolic diseases across the lifespan.
• These conditions include obesity, diabetes mellitus, and arterial hypertension.
• Underlying causes involve genetic, dopaminergic, circadian, and inflammatory factors, alongside lifestyle influences.

Purpose of the Study:

• To explore the connection between ADHD and cardiometabolic diseases.
• To outline the multifactorial causes contributing to this comorbidity.
• To discuss treatment strategies for individuals with ADHD and co-occurring cardiometabolic conditions.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of existing research on ADHD and cardiometabolic health.
• Analysis of etiological factors linking ADHD to metabolic and cardiovascular issues.
• Examination of current therapeutic approaches and their considerations.

Main Results:

• A significant correlation exists between ADHD and increased incidence of obesity, diabetes, and hypertension.
• Multiple factors contribute to this comorbidity, including genetics, dopamine pathways, and lifestyle.
• Treatment necessitates a comprehensive, individualized plan.

Conclusions:

• The link between ADHD and cardiometabolic diseases is well-established and spans the entire lifespan.
• Effective management involves addressing underlying causes and tailoring interventions.
• Pharmacotherapy for ADHD must carefully consider potential cardiometabolic side effects.