Using Artificial Intelligence to Enhance Myelodysplastic Syndrome Diagnosis, Prognosis, and Treatment

Myelodysplastic syndromes represent a group of hematological neoplastic diseases caused by defective stem cells causing cytopenia and abnormal hematopoiesis. More than 30% of myelodysplastic syndrome cases develop into acute myeloid leukemia. An analysis of bone marrow samples, peripheral blood smears, multiparametric flow cytometry data, and clinical patient information is part of the current, time-consuming, and labor-intensive work up for myelodysplastic syndromes. Nowadays, clinical biomedical research has been transformed by the advent of artificial intelligence, specifically machine learning. Artificial intelligence (AI) can improve risk assessment and diagnosis, as well as boost the precision of clinical outcome prediction and illness classification. Algorithms based on artificial intelligence may be potentially helpful in discovering new needs for myelodysplastic syndrome-affected patients, choosing treatment and assessing minimal residual disease. In this review, we seek to identify the primary mechanisms and uses of artificial intelligence in myelodysplastic syndrome, pointing out its advantages and disadvantages while discussing the possible benefits of using AI pipelines in a therapeutic setting.