High Precision Automated Synthesis of Surface-Enhanced (Resonance) Raman Nanotags

Batch-to-batch inconsistencies and time-intensive protocols remain significant challenges in conventional nanomaterial synthesis. Here, we present an automated system that precisely fabricates silica-coated gold nanostars (AuNS@SiO₂) incorporating Raman reporters (4-MBA and IR-780) defined as nanotags, thereby enabling control over their morphological, optical, and spectroscopic properties. The resulting nanotags were comprehensively characterized through UV-vis spectrophotometry, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), surface enhanced (resonance) Raman spectroscopy (SE(R)RS) measurements, dynamic light scattering (DLS), and zeta potential analyzes. Compared to manual methods, our automated approach demonstrated higher reproducibility in both synthesis and the properties of the produced nanotags. Additionally, to underscore their potential in sensing applications, we functionalized the nanotags with streptavidin. By combining precise control over nanotags synthesis with robust characterization, this work establishes a new standard for the rapid and reliable production of advanced nanoplatforms for biomedical applications.