Related Experiment Video
Updated: May 9, 2025
06:26
Stereo-Imaging System DLT Calibration to Capture 3D In Situ Displacements of Stretched Peripheral Nerves
Published on: January 12, 2024
314
Subjective and objective indices in determining stretching effect
Shinichi Daikuya1, Yumi Okayama1
1Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Hokuriku University, Kanazawa, Japan.
Plos One
|April 29, 2025
Summary
Objective measures and subjective feedback in stretching interventions show limited correlation. Therapists’ subjective assessments may be more reliable than patients’, but objective criteria are still needed for effective stretching.
Area of Science:
- Clinical Biomechanics
- Physical Therapy
- Rehabilitation Science
Background:
- Stretching is crucial for physical function, yet its assessment often relies on subjective therapist evaluations.
- A lack of objective criteria hinders the standardization and effectiveness of stretching interventions.
- This study addresses the gap between subjective feedback and objective physiological measures in stretching.
Purpose of the Study:
- To correlate objective biomechanical and physiological measures with subjective therapist and patient feedback during stretching.
- To assess the consistency of therapist judgments and identify objective criteria for evaluating stretching effectiveness.
- To enhance the clinical applicability and formalize knowledge surrounding stretching interventions.
Main Methods:
- Sixteen physiotherapists evaluated straight leg raising stretching on a simulated patient.
- Objective measures included joint angle, electromyography (EMG), and posterior thigh stiffness.
- Subjective data were collected using numerical rating scales from therapists and the simulated patient.
Main Results:
- Therapist ratings positively correlated with joint angle change and stretching duration.
- Patient ratings showed a positive correlation with integrated EMG of the semitendinosus muscle but a negative correlation with joint angle change.
- Regression analyses did not yield significant predictive models, indicating discrepancies between subjective and objective outcomes.
Conclusions:
- Subjective evaluations in stretching may not consistently align with objective outcomes, necessitating caution.
- While therapists subjectively detected minor joint angle improvements, no objective predictor was identified.
- Therapists' evaluations appear more aligned with objective outcomes than patients', highlighting the need for objective assessment in clinical practice.
More Related Videos
Related Concept Videos
01:27Measurements of Strain
113
Strain quantifies the deformation of a material under force, typically measured as normal strain, which represents the change in length when compared with the original length. Electrical strain gauges are used for enhanced accuracy. These devices consist of a conductive wire mounted on a paper backing that adheres to the material's surface. These gauges operate on the piezoresistive effect, where the wire's electrical resistance changes in response to mechanical deformation. The strain...
113
01:24IR Frequency Region: X–H Stretching
877
In IR spectroscopy, signals produced by the X−H bonds (such as C−H, O−H, or N−H) can be observed in the frequency range of 2700–4000 cm–1. The C−H stretching vibration forms sharp bands in the region 2850–3000 cm–1. The presence of the O−H stretching vibration leads to the forming of an absorption band in the frequency range 3650–3200 cm−1. At the same time, N−H stretching can be confirmed by absorption bands in...
877
01:15Relation between Poisson's ratio, Modulus of Elasticity and Modulus of Rigidity
221
Deformation occurs in axial and transverse directions when an axial load is applied to a slender bar. This deformation impacts the cubic element within the bar, transforming it into either a rectangular parallelepiped or a rhombus, contingent on its orientation. This transformation process induces shearing strain. Axial loading elicits both shearing and normal strains. Applying an axial load instigates equal normal and shearing stresses on elements oriented at a 45° angle to the load axis.
221
01:29Three-Dimensional Analysis of Strain
163
Three-dimensional strain analysis is crucial for understanding how materials deform under stress, particularly in elastic, homogeneous materials. This method employs principal stress axes to simplify complex stress states into more understandable forms. Subjected to stress, a small cubic element within a material either expands or contracts along these axes, transforming into a rectangular parallelepiped. This transformation effectively illustrates the material's deformation. The principal...
163
01:19Thermal Strain
342
Thermal strain is a concept that arises when we consider how temperature changes affect structures. Unlike the conventional assumption that structures remain constant under load, real-world scenarios often involve temperature fluctuations that can significantly impact these structures. Consider a homogeneous rod with a uniform cross-section resting freely on a flat horizontal surface. If the rod's temperature increases, the rod elongates. This elongation is proportional to the temperature...
342
01:29IR Frequency Region: Alkene and Carbonyl Stretching
643
Double bonds in alkenes and carbonyl compounds exhibit stretching frequencies in the diagnostic region of the IR spectrum. In addition, alkenes exhibit vinylic C–H stretching and C–H out-of-plane bending absorptions that are useful for identifying substitution patterns.
Stretching frequencies are affected by several factors, such as resonance, inductive effects, ring strain, dipole moment, and hydrogen bonding. Consequently, the stretching frequency of the carbonyl double bond...
Stretching frequencies are affected by several factors, such as resonance, inductive effects, ring strain, dipole moment, and hydrogen bonding. Consequently, the stretching frequency of the carbonyl double bond...
643