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Causal Association Between Pm2.5 And Metabolic Syndrome In The Chinese Elderly Population-insights From A Cohort Study Of Charls.

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Causal Association Between Pm2.5 And Metabolic Syndrome In The Chinese Elderly Population-insights From A Cohort Study Of Charls.

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Causal association between PM_2.5 and metabolic syndrome in the Chinese elderly population-insights from a cohort

Xianglong Liu^1,2, Fan Ding^1,2, Jiayi Tian^1,2

¹School of Public Health, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, China.

Scientific Reports

|April 29, 2025

View abstract on PubMed

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Fine particulate matter (PM2.5) exposure increases metabolic syndrome (MS) risk in the elderly. Physical exercise may moderate these effects, offering insights for prevention and treatment strategies.

Keywords:

Fixed effect model Instrumental variable Metabolic syndrome PM2.5 Physical exercise

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Area of Science:

Environmental Health
Gerontology
Epidemiology

Background:

Metabolic syndrome (MS) components are sensitive to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) exposure, particularly in older adults.
Existing research on PM2.5 and MS in different populations and regions shows inconsistent findings.
Understanding the impact of PM2.5 on MS and the role of physical exercise is crucial for public health interventions.

Purpose of the Study:

To quantify the risk of association between PM2.5 exposure and MS components in the elderly population.
To investigate the moderating effect of physical exercise (PE) on the relationship between PM2.5 and MS components.

Main Methods:

Utilized two-wave panel data from the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (2011 and 2015).
Matched individual data with regional meteorological data to estimate population exposure to PM2.5.

Employed directed acyclic graphs (DAGs) for confounding control, instrumental variable (IV) method, and fixed effects models to assess causal relationships and moderation effects.

Main Results:

High PM2.5 exposure was associated with an increased risk of MS (coef=0.007, P<0.001).
PM2.5 significantly impacted MS components: increasing waist circumference (WC) and systolic blood pressure (SYS), while decreasing high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), triglycerides (TG), and diastolic blood pressure (DIA).
Low-intensity physical exercise showed a potential to alleviate PM2.5's effects on WC and SYS, whereas high-intensity exercise might exacerbate PM2.5's impact on WC.

Conclusions:

PM2.5 exposure is linked to the occurrence of MS in the elderly, affecting its components in various ways.
The moderating effect of physical activity on the PM2.5-MS relationship differs across MS components.
Findings provide scientific evidence supporting the development of strategies for preventing and managing MS in the elderly, considering air pollution and physical activity levels.