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Elucidating the Role of Nrf2 Signaling Pathway in Mycoplasma Infections

Sarmistha Saha1, Nadezhda Sachivkina2, Olga Kuznetsova3

  • 1Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Applied Sciences & Humanities, GLA University, 281406 Mathura, Uttar Pradesh, India.

Frontiers in Bioscience (Landmark Edition)
|April 30, 2025
PubMed

Insights

Mycoplasma infections cause respiratory issues by altering immune responses. Activating the Nrf2 pathway offers a promising therapeutic strategy to combat inflammation and oxidative stress associated with these infections.

Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Immunology
  • Respiratory Medicine

Background:

  • Mycoplasmas are small, cell-wall-less prokaryotes acting as intracellular and surface parasites.
  • Mycoplasma infections impact respiratory health by modulating immune responses, causing inflammation, and damaging epithelial barriers.
  • Current therapeutic challenges include antibiotic resistance, diagnostic limitations, and potential long-term respiratory sequelae.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the role of Mycoplasma-induced inflammation and oxidative stress.
  • To explore the therapeutic potential of activating the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) pathway.
  • To discuss the rationale for targeting Nrf2 in Mycoplasma-associated inflammatory conditions.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on Mycoplasma pathogenesis, inflammation, oxidative stress, and Nrf2 signaling.
  • Analysis of current therapeutic strategies and their limitations.
  • Synthesis of evidence supporting Nrf2 activation as a treatment target.

Main Results:

  • Mycoplasma infections trigger significant inflammatory and oxidative stress responses in the respiratory tract.
  • Nrf2 activation is a key cellular defense mechanism against oxidative stress and inflammation.
  • Pharmacological Nrf2 activators have shown protective effects in preclinical and clinical studies.

Conclusions:

  • Targeting the Nrf2 pathway presents a promising therapeutic avenue for managing Mycoplasma-induced respiratory inflammation.
  • Further research into Nrf2 activators could lead to novel treatments for Mycoplasma infections.
  • Addressing antibiotic resistance and diagnostic challenges remains crucial for effective Mycoplasma management.
Keywords:
HO-1Nrf2gene expression

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