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The complement system and host defense against Pseudomonas endophthalmitis.

D H Aizuss, B J Mondino, H L Sumner

    Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science
    |September 1, 1985
    PubMed
    Summary

    The complement system is crucial for fighting Pseudomonas aeruginosa eye infections. Impaired complement function in guinea pigs led to higher bacterial loads, demonstrating its vital role in host defense.

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    Area of Science:

    • Ophthalmology
    • Immunology
    • Microbiology

    Background:

    • The complement system is a key component of innate immunity.
    • Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a common cause of bacterial endophthalmitis.
    • The role of complement in P. aeruginosa endophthalmitis is not fully understood.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the role of the complement system in host defense against Pseudomonas aeruginosa endophthalmitis.

    Main Methods:

    • Guinea pigs were injected intravitreally with P. aeruginosa.
    • Systemic decomplementation was induced using cobra venom factor.
    • Bacterial counts in the vitreous were compared between control and decomplemented groups.

    Main Results:

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  • Decomplemented guinea pigs had significantly higher bacterial counts at days 1-3 post-infection with a lower bacterial inoculum (42 organisms).
  • This difference was not observed at day 7 as complement levels normalized.
  • With higher inoculums (102 and 150 organisms), no significant differences were found, suggesting the bacterial load overwhelmed complement's effect.

    • Conclusions:

    • The complement system plays a significant role in controlling P. aeruginosa endophthalmitis, particularly at lower bacterial loads.
    • Host defense is impaired when complement function is reduced.
    • The protective effect of complement can be masked by overwhelming bacterial challenge.