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Leading From Higher Headquarters.

Jostein Mattingsdal1, Roar Espevik2

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Summary

Senior leaders' self-efficacy positively impacts decision-making (DM) performance in hybrid warfare through goal setting. Effective leadership and goal setting in peacetime enhance wartime DM capabilities.

Keywords:
collaborative crisis responsedecision‐making performancegoal settingindirect leadershipself‐efficacy

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Area of Science:

  • Psychology
  • Military Science
  • Leadership Studies

Background:

  • Hybrid warfare presents complex challenges for senior leaders in higher headquarters.
  • Effective decision-making (DM) is critical for police and military leaders during collaborative crisis response.
  • Understanding factors influencing DM performance in high-stakes environments is essential.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the relationship between self-efficacy, task acceptance, and goal setting in senior leaders.
  • To identify factors influencing DM performance among police and military leaders during hybrid warfare simulations.
  • To apply Bandura's Social Cognitive Theory to leadership in crisis response.

Main Methods:

  • Path analysis was used on a dataset of 102 Norwegian police and military participants.
  • A realistic simulation exercise modeled hybrid warfare scenarios.
  • The study investigated the indirect effects of self-efficacy on DM performance via goal setting.

Main Results:

  • Self-efficacy had a significant positive indirect effect on DM performance, mediated by goal setting.
  • High DM performance in peacetime was positively associated with wartime DM performance.
  • Strong goal setting in peacetime also positively predicted wartime DM performance.

Conclusions:

  • Self-efficacy and goal setting are crucial for effective DM in hybrid warfare contexts.
  • Leadership development programs should focus on enhancing DM skills and goal-setting abilities.
  • Findings inform policy for strengthening national DM frameworks in defense and security.