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Related Concept Videos

Arboviral Encephalitis01:25

Arboviral Encephalitis

Arboviral encephalitis refers to brain inflammation caused by arthropod-borne viruses, particularly those transmitted through mosquito vectors. Among these, West Nile virus (WNV), a member of the Flaviviridae family, is a significant public health concern. WNV is an enveloped, positive-sense, single-stranded RNA virus. Human infection typically begins when an infected mosquito introduces the virus into the dermis during feeding. The primary transmission cycle involves birds as amplifying hosts...
Encephalitis l: Introduction01:19

Encephalitis l: Introduction

Encephalitis is inflammation of the brain parenchyma, most often due to infections or autoimmune processes. It presents with neuropsychiatric features such as fever, altered mental status, behavioral changes, cognitive dysfunction, seizures, focal deficits, and sometimes autonomic instability. In some cases, the meninges are also involved, resulting in meningoencephalitis.Infectious CausesInfectious encephalitis is most commonly viral but can also result from bacterial, fungal, or parasitic...
Encephalitis ll: Pathophysiology01:26

Encephalitis ll: Pathophysiology

Encephalitis is inflammation of the brain parenchyma caused by direct viral invasion or immune-mediated mechanisms triggered by infections or tumors. Both processes lead to neuronal injury, disrupted neurotransmission, and diverse neurological symptoms, often with overlapping clinical and pathological features.Autoimmune EncephalitisIn autoimmune encephalitis, antibodies target neuronal antigens on cell surfaces, synapses, or within neurons. A key example is anti-NMDAR encephalitis, which can...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 9, 2026

Bacterial Artificial Chromosomes: A Functional Genomics Tool for the Study of Positive-strand RNA Viruses
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Scoping Review of Japanese Encephalitis Virus Transmission Models.

Troy A Laidlow1,2, Erin S Johnston3, Ruth N Zadoks1,2

  • 1Sydney School of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia.

Transboundary and Emerging Diseases
|April 30, 2025
PubMed
Summary

This review of Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) transmission models found most are theoretical and lack real-world data. Further research is needed to develop applied models for better JEV control in at-risk populations.

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Area of Science:

  • Epidemiology
  • Mathematical Modeling
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) causes significant global mortality, primarily in children in Southeast Asia and the Western Pacific.
  • Transmission is influenced by abiotic factors and involves complex host-vector interactions.
  • Mathematical models are crucial for understanding disease dynamics and informing control strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review and analyze existing Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) transmission models.
  • To identify the features, applications, and limitations of these models.
  • To guide future development of more effective JEV transmission models.

Main Methods:

  • A scoping review guided by PRISMA-ScR methodology was conducted.
  • Searched major scientific databases (PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, etc.) for peer-reviewed JEV transmission models.
  • Extracted data from 29 eligible models published between 1975 and 2023.

Main Results:

  • Most models (72%) were deterministic, utilizing ordinary differential equations.
  • A median of 3 host populations (humans, mosquitoes, pigs) were included.
  • Only 10 models were applied and validated with field data, often from limited geographic regions.

Conclusions:

  • Significant limitations exist, including knowledge gaps in JEV epidemiology, vector biology, and control strategy impact.
  • A lack of applied and validated models hinders effective JEV prediction and control.
  • Further research and development of applied models are essential for protecting at-risk human and animal populations.