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Insulin Resistance in Pediatric Obesity: From Mechanisms to Treatment Strategies

Yu Luo1, Dan Luo2, Maojun Li1

  • 1Department of Pediatrics Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital School of Medicine University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.

Pediatric Diabetes
|April 30, 2025
PubMed

Insights

Childhood obesity is linked to insulin resistance, increasing type 2 diabetes risk. This review explores mechanisms and treatments for improving insulin sensitivity in pediatric obesity.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Endocrinology
  • Metabolic Disorders
  • Obesity Research

Background:

  • Insulin resistance is common in obese children and adolescents.
  • It significantly contributes to type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and metabolic diseases.
  • Insulin resistance involves decreased tissue sensitivity to insulin, impairing glucose metabolism.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the mechanisms of insulin resistance in childhood obesity.
  • To review risk factors contributing to obesity-related insulin resistance.
  • To discuss treatment strategies focused on improving insulin sensitivity in pediatric obesity.

Main Methods:

  • Comprehensive analysis of relevant literature and studies.
  • Examination of underlying mechanisms of insulin resistance.
  • Review of risk factors such as lipid disorders, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, inflammation, and genetics.

Main Results:

  • Identified key contributors to pediatric insulin resistance including lipid metabolism disorders, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, inflammation, and genetic factors.
  • Highlighted the incomplete understanding of these mechanisms in childhood obesity.
  • Emphasized the link between obesity, insulin resistance, and T2DM development.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding the mechanisms of insulin resistance in pediatric obesity is crucial.
  • Targeting insulin sensitivity offers a pathway for managing pediatric obesity and preventing T2DM.
  • Further research and targeted interventions are needed for effective prevention and management.

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