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Sleep Quality and Quantity in Caregivers of Children with Type 1 Diabetes Using Closed-Loop Insulin Delivery or a

Juan J Madrid-Valero1, Julia Ware2,3, Janet M Allen2

  • 1Department of Health Psychology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Alicante, San Vicente del Raspeig, Spain.

Pediatric Diabetes
|April 30, 2025
PubMed

Insights

Parents using closed-loop (CL) systems for children with type 1 diabetes (T1D) reported better sleep quality, fewer awakenings, and less time awake after sleep onset compared to sensor-augmented pump (SAP) therapy. While not statistically significant, findings suggest CL may improve caregiver sleep.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Endocrinology
  • Sleep Medicine
  • Diabetes Technology

Background:

  • Parental sleep disturbances are common in children with type 1 diabetes (T1D).
  • Advanced diabetes management technologies, such as closed-loop (CL) systems, aim to improve patient outcomes and potentially alleviate caregiver burden.
  • Understanding the impact of different diabetes management systems on parental sleep is crucial for holistic care.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare sleep quality and quantity in parents of children with T1D using either a CL system or sensor-augmented pump (SAP) therapy.
  • To investigate potential differences in sleep duration, efficiency, and awakenings between the two technology groups.

Main Methods:

  • Sleep data were collected from 40 parents of children (aged 1-7 years) with T1D using sleep diaries, accelerometers (Actiwatch), and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index.
  • Parents were categorized as caregiver 1 (main analysis) or caregiver 2 (supplementary analysis).
  • Data were assessed at a single post-randomization time point during the child's participation in either the CL or SAP arm of a clinical study.

Main Results:

  • While group differences were not statistically significant (p < 0.05), caregiver 1 data indicated trends favoring the CL group.
  • Parents in the CL group reported shorter sleep duration but better sleep quality, fewer awakenings, and less wake after sleep onset (WASO) via sleep diaries.
  • Actiwatch data showed shorter sleep latency, greater sleep efficiency, and less WASO for caregiver 1 in the CL group compared to the SAP group.

Conclusions:

  • Sleep quality and quantity in parents using CL systems were not significantly different from those using SAP systems.
  • However, effect sizes and the direction of non-significant results suggest that CL treatment may be associated with improved sleep quality for primary caregivers.
  • Further research is warranted to confirm these potential benefits of CL systems on parental sleep in T1D management.
Abstract

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