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Related Concept Videos

Exercise and Cardiovascular Response01:20

Exercise and Cardiovascular Response

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Exercise significantly impacts cardiovascular response, which is crucial for understanding patient health and designing effective treatment plans.
Light to moderate physical activity initiates a series of interconnected responses in the body. The heart rate modestly increases in anticipation of the workout, followed by widespread vasodilation as oxygen consumption by skeletal muscles increases. This results in decreased peripheral resistance, increased capillary blood flow, and accelerated...
642

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Is fetal well-being jeopardised during high-intensity interval training?

Emilie Mass Dalhaug1, Birgitte Sanda1,2, Kari Bø1,3

  • 1Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Department of Sports Medicine, Oslo, Norway.

BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine
|April 30, 2025
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Summary

High-intensity interval training during pregnancy may cause temporary fetal heart rate changes, but elite and recreational athletes can generally exercise safely. Further research is needed to fully understand the effects on fetal well-being.

Keywords:
AthleteExercisePregnancy

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Area of Science:

  • Sports Medicine
  • Maternal-Fetal Medicine
  • Exercise Physiology

Background:

  • Understanding the impact of intense exercise on pregnancy is crucial for maternal and fetal health.
  • High-intensity interval training (HIIT) is popular but its effects during pregnancy require careful evaluation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the acute effects of high-intensity interval training on fetal heart rate (FHR) and uteroplacental blood flow in athletes.
  • To assess the safety of HIIT for both mother and fetus during pregnancy.

Main Methods:

  • 10 elite and 50 recreational athletes underwent 5x5-minute HIIT intervals on a treadmill and cycle ergometer.
  • Fetal heart rate and uteroplacental blood flow were measured during 4-minute recovery periods between intervals.
  • Target intensity was 17 on Borg's Rating of Perceived Exertion (RPE) and 90% of maximal maternal heart rate (MHRmax).

Main Results:

  • Exercise intensity averaged 16.0-16.4 RPE and 84.6-89.4% MHRmax.
  • Six instances of fetal bradycardia (<100 bpm) occurred during running, leading to exercise termination, but normalized within 8 minutes.
  • No prolonged fetal bradycardia was observed during cycling; however, fetal tachycardia (≥180 bpm) led to exercise termination in 5 participants.

Conclusions:

  • HIIT can induce transient fetal heart rate alterations, including bradycardia and tachycardia.
  • Despite these events, highly active pregnant women appear to tolerate HIIT without significant long-term harm to fetal well-being.
  • Individualized monitoring and exercise prescription are recommended for pregnant athletes engaging in high-intensity exercise.