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Global Emergence of Infectious Bronchitis Virus Variants: Evolution, Immunity, and Vaccination Challenges
1Department of Poultry Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza 12211, Egypt.
Transboundary and Emerging Diseases
|April 30, 2025
Summary
Infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) constantly evolves, causing significant poultry losses. Current vaccines struggle against new variants, highlighting the need for updated strategies to control this contagious avian disease.
Area of Science:
- Veterinary Virology
- Avian Pathology
- Immunology
Background:
- Infectious bronchitis (IB) is a highly contagious viral disease in chickens, causing severe economic losses globally.
- The avian coronavirus, infectious bronchitis virus (IBV), rapidly evolves through mutation and recombination, leading to new genotypes with poor cross-protection.
- Current vaccination strategies are insufficient to control circulating and emerging IBV variants, necessitating updated approaches.
Purpose of the Study:
- To provide a comprehensive review of infectious bronchitis virus (IBV).
- To explore IBV evolution, diversity, and immune responses.
- To analyze current and emerging IBV vaccine strategies for better disease control.
Main Methods:
- Review of existing literature on IBV.
- Analysis of IBV's clinical significance, viral structure, and evolution.
- Evaluation of immune responses and vaccine approaches against IBV.
Main Results:
- IBV's rapid evolution leads to diverse genotypes with limited vaccine cross-protection.
- Complex immune responses (passive, innate, adaptive) are involved in IBV protection.
- Existing vaccines are challenged by emerging IBV variants, indicating a need for improved strategies.
Conclusions:
- IBV evolution poses a continuous challenge to the poultry industry.
- Understanding IBV diversity and immune responses is crucial for developing effective vaccines.
- Developing updated vaccination strategies is essential to combat emerging IBV variants and reduce economic impact.
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