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Transmission Routes and a New Freshwater Crustacean Host for Infectious Precocity Virus (IPV)

Wenyan Xu1, Caiyuan Zhao1, Xiaoyi Pan2

  • 1College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy, Zhengzhou, Henan 450046, China.

Transboundary and Emerging Diseases
|April 30, 2025
PubMed

Insights

Infectious precocity virus disease (IPVD) in giant freshwater prawns (Macrobrachium rosenbergii) is economically damaging. Researchers identified the freshwater crustacean Macrobrachium nipponense as a new host for infectious precocity virus (IPV), aiding disease management.

Area of Science:

  • Aquaculture Pathology
  • Infectious Disease Epidemiology
  • Crustacean Virology

Background:

  • Macrobrachium rosenbergii aquaculture is vital globally, but infectious precocity virus disease (IPVD) causes significant economic losses in China.
  • IPVD, caused by infectious precocity virus (IPV), leads to sexual precocity and stunted growth in infected prawns.
  • Understanding IPV transmission routes and host range is crucial for effective disease prevention and control strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the transmission routes of IPV in Macrobrachium rosenbergii.
  • To determine the host range of IPV.
  • To identify new hosts for IPV and assess their susceptibility and pathological impact.

Main Methods:

  • Transmission experiments included ingestion of infected tissue, viral filtrate immersion, cohabitation, and water-borne exposure.
  • Artificial infection trials were conducted on various fish and crab species, as well as Macrobrachium nipponense.
  • Nested PCR was employed to detect IPV presence in collected samples from Macrobrachium nipponense over a two-year period.

Main Results:

  • Vertical transmission of IPV was not observed in Macrobrachium rosenbergii from eggs to adult stages.
  • Macrobrachium nipponense was confirmed as a new crustacean host for IPV, exhibiting slow growth and IPV presence in specific tissues (pereiopod, brain, eyes, gills).
  • Fish species (Carassius auratus, Pangasius bocourti, Micropterus salmoides, Oreochromis mossambicus) and crab species (Scylla paramamosain, Eriocheir sinensis) did not test positive for IPV.

Conclusions:

  • IPV transmission occurs horizontally through environmental exposure and direct contact, not vertically, in Macrobrachium rosenbergii.
  • Macrobrachium nipponense serves as a novel reservoir for IPV, potentially impacting mixed-species aquaculture.
  • These findings provide critical insights for developing targeted IPV management and prevention strategies in crustacean aquaculture.

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