"Cool" and "Hot" executive functions in deaf children: the executive brain battery (EBB)

Although previous studies have suggested that language deprivation may affect the development of executive functions (EFs), there are no assessment tools adapted to the language needs of deaf-and-hard-of-hearing (DHH) children. The present study had two objectives: (1) to examine the feasibility of the Executive Brain Battery in assessing 40 prelingually deaf-and-hard-of-hearing children between 6 and 12 years, and (2) to explore whether some sociodemographic and clinical variables could be associated with the performance of deaf children. The results showed that all tasks included in the Executive Brain Battery were practicable for more than 75% of participants, with the decision-making task being the only one that demonstrated an improvement in the performance of children between 6-8 and 9-12 years of age. Moreover, the 6-8 years group displayed a sex effect in inhibition and decision-making tasks. However, this effect disappears in the 9-12 years group, which showed only a negative effect of cochlear implants on the theory of mind task.