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Attenuated Total Reflectance (ATR) Infrared Spectroscopy: Overview01:13

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Attenuated total reflectance (ATR) infrared spectroscopy is a powerful analytical technique used to study the composition of materials. It is widely employed in chemistry, materials science, forensic science, and other fields where sample characterization is required. ATR has several advantages over traditional transmission IR spectroscopy, including the requirement of little to no sample preparation and the ability to analyze a wide range of samples.
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IR Frequency Region: Fingerprint Region01:03

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IR spectra are divided into two main regions: the diagnostic region and the fingerprint region. The diagnostic region of the spectrum lies above 1500 cm−1. The absorptions resulting from single-bond vibrations of the N–H, C–H, and O–H stretch at higher wavenumbers and appear on the left side of the spectrum. The stretching absorptions of the C≡C and C≡N occur between 2100–2300 cm−1. In contrast, those arising from stretching absorptions of the...
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There are two main infrared (IR) spectrophotometers: dispersive IR spectrometers and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometers. In a dispersive IR spectrometer, a beam of infrared radiation produced by a hot wire is divided into two parallel equal-intensity beams using mirrors. One beam passes through the sample, while another is a reference beam. The beams then move through the monochromator, which separates the radiations into a continuous spectrum of different frequencies. The...
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An unknown compound can be established by identifying the molecular ion peak in the mass spectrum. The molecular ion peak is often weak or absent due to the predominance of fragmentation in high-energy electron beams. In such cases, a low-energy electron beam can be used to scan the spectrum to enhance the intensity of the molecular ion peak. Additionally, chemical ionization, field ionization, and desorption ionization spectra are used to obtain a relatively intense molecular ion peak.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 9, 2025

A Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy Technique to Study Peptide Self-Assembly
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Protein Analysis by FT-IR/ATR Spectroscopy.

Gabriela Graziani1, Giovanni D'Atri2, Elena Gabusi2

  • 1Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy. gabriela.graziani@polimi.it.

Methods in Molecular Biology (Clifton, N.J.)
|April 30, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) offers a sensitive method for analyzing biological molecules in cells and tissues. This technique provides valuable insights into osteoarthritis and cartilage pathophysiology for therapeutic evaluation.

Keywords:
ChondrocytesFT-IROrthopedicsProtein analysisSpectroscopy

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Spectroscopy
  • Biomaterials Science

Background:

  • Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) is a versatile analytical technique applicable to inorganic and organic materials.
  • Recent advancements have focused on applying FT-IR to living cells and tissues for in vivo, ex vivo, and in vitro diagnostics.
  • FT-IR offers advantages such as high sensitivity, minimal sample volume requirements, rapid data acquisition, and broad analytical compound range.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the application of FT-IR spectroscopy in the orthopedic field, specifically for the analysis of tissues, cells, and exosomes.
  • To leverage FT-IR for studying cartilage and osteoarthritis, providing molecular-level insights.
  • To demonstrate FT-IR's capability in assessing biological molecule quantity and organization for disease progression and therapeutic evaluation.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) to obtain molecular fingerprints of biological samples.
  • Applying FT-IR analysis to orthopedic tissues, cells, and exosomes.
  • Analyzing the spectral data to identify and quantify proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids.

Main Results:

  • FT-IR successfully generated distinct spectral fingerprints for analyzed orthopedic materials.
  • The technique provided quantitative and organizational information about key biological molecules (proteins, lipids, nucleic acids).
  • These molecular insights are crucial for understanding tissue pathophysiology and disease mechanisms.

Conclusions:

  • FT-IR spectroscopy is a powerful tool for detailed molecular analysis in orthopedic research, particularly for cartilage and osteoarthritis.
  • The method offers significant advantages for studying tissue pathophysiology, disease progression, and evaluating therapeutic interventions.
  • FT-IR provides essential data on the quantity and organization of biological molecules, aiding in diagnostic and prognostic assessments.